Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 73 of 400 #1073 of 2000

Problem 1073

National olympiad, first round
Geometry Difficulty 6.1 Prove it

7. As shown in Figure 2,ABC2, \triangle A B C has an incircle I\odot I that touches sides BCB C, CAC A, and ABA B at points DD, EE, and FF, respectively. Lines BIB I, CIC I, and DID I intersect EFE F at points MM, NN, and KK, respectively. Line BNB N intersects CMC M at point PP, and line AKA K intersects BCB C at point GG. The line through point II perpendicular to PGP G intersects the line through point PP perpendicular to PBP B at point QQ. Prove that line BIB I bisects segment PQP Q.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

7. Draw a line through point KK parallel to BCB C, intersecting ABA B and ACA C at points RR and SS respectively. Then IKRSI K \perp R S.
Since IFABI F \perp A B, points I,K,F,RI, K, F, R are concyclic.
Similarly, points I,K,S,EI, K, S, E are concyclic.
Thus, IRK=IFK=IEK=ISK\angle I R K = \angle I F K = \angle I E K = \angle I S K
KR=KS\Rightarrow K R = K S.
Since RSBCR S \parallel B C, GG is the midpoint of BCB C.
Given CNE=AEFECN\angle C N E = \angle A E F - \angle E C N
=90BAC2ACB2= 90^{\circ} - \frac{\angle B A C}{2} - \frac{\angle A C B}{2}
=ABC2=FBI, = \frac{\angle A B C}{2} = \angle F B I,

we know that points B,I,N,FB, I, N, F are concyclic.
Since points B,D,I,FB, D, I, F are concyclic, points B,D,I,N,FB, D, I, N, F are concyclic. Thus, INBNI N \perp B N.
Similarly, IMCMI M \perp C M.
Therefore, II is the orthocenter of PBC\triangle P B C, and hence, PIBCP I \perp B C.

Thus, points P,I,DP, I, D are collinear.
Let BIB I intersect PQP Q at point TT.
Since points D,C,M,ID, C, M, I are concyclic,
PIM=PCB.Also, TPI=90BPD=PBCTPIPBC. \begin{array}{l} \angle P I M = \angle P C B. \\ \text{Also, } \angle T P I = 90^{\circ} - \angle B P D = \angle P B C \\ \Rightarrow \triangle T P I \sim \triangle P B C . \end{array}

Take the midpoint LL of segment PIP I and connect LTL T. Then
TPLPBGPTL=BPGPTL+GPT=BPG+GPT=BPQ=90TLQI. \begin{array}{l} \triangle T P L \sim \triangle P B G \Rightarrow \angle P T L = \angle B P G \\ \Rightarrow \angle P T L + \angle G P T = \angle B P G + \angle G P T \\ = \angle B P Q = 90^{\circ} \\ \Rightarrow T L \parallel Q I . \end{array}

Therefore, PT=TQP T = T Q, i.e., BIB I bisects PQP Q.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.