Let one of the intersection points of two circles with centres be . A common tangent touches the circles at respectively. Let the perpendicular from to the line meet at . Prove that .
Problem 1414
Official solution
1. **Inversion around point **:
- Let be one of the intersection points of the two circles with centers and .
- Consider an inversion around point with an arbitrary radius. This inversion will map the circles to themselves because is a common point of both circles.
2. Rephrasing the problem in terms of the inverted image:
- Let and be the images of points and under the inversion.
- The common tangent at and will map to a line passing through in the inverted image.
- Let be the antipode of in the circle passing through and after inversion.
3. **Considering the triangle **:
- In the inverted image, we have a triangle where is the antipode of in the circle .
4. Constructing the perpendiculars and rectangles:
- Let be a point on the circle such that .
- Let be a point such that forms a rectangle.
5. **Proving **:
- Since lies on the perpendicular bisectors of , , and , it implies that is the center of the circle .
- Therefore, .
6. Conclusion:
- From the above steps, we have shown that .