Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 14 of 300 #1414 of 2000

Problem 1414

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.0 Prove it

Let one of the intersection points of two circles with centres O1,O2O_1,O_2 be PP. A common tangent touches the circles at A,BA,B respectively. Let the perpendicular from AA to the line BPBP meet O1O2O_1O_2 at CC. Prove that APPCAP\perp PC.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

1. **Inversion around point P P **:
- Let P P be one of the intersection points of the two circles with centers O1 O_1 and O2 O_2 .
- Consider an inversion around point P P with an arbitrary radius. This inversion will map the circles to themselves because P P is a common point of both circles.

2. Rephrasing the problem in terms of the inverted image:
- Let A A' and B B' be the images of points A A and B B under the inversion.
- The common tangent at A A and B B will map to a line passing through P P in the inverted image.
- Let P P' be the antipode of P P in the circle passing through A A and B B after inversion.

3. **Considering the triangle ΔABP \Delta ABP' **:
- In the inverted image, we have a triangle ΔABP \Delta ABP' where P P' is the antipode of P P in the circle (ABP) \odot (ABP) .

4. Constructing the perpendiculars and rectangles:
- Let X X be a point on the circle (P,PA) \odot (P, PA') such that BAX=90 \angle BA'X = 90^\circ .
- Let R R be a point such that BAXR BA'XR forms a rectangle.

5. **Proving RCA R \in CA' **:
- Since P P lies on the perpendicular bisectors of BC BC , BR BR , and AX A'X , it implies that P P is the center of the circle (BCR) \odot (BCR) .
- Therefore, BCR=12BPR=90RBP=BCA \angle BCR = \frac{1}{2} \angle BPR = 90^\circ - \angle RBP = \angle BCA' .

6. Conclusion:
- From the above steps, we have shown that APPC AP \perp PC .

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.