Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 214 of 300 #1614 of 2000

Problem 1614

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.4 Prove it

A 3030-gon A1A2A30A_1A_2\cdots A_{30} is inscribed in a circle of radius 22. Prove that one can choose a point BkB_k on the arc AkAk+1A_kA_{k+1} for 1k291 \leq k \leq 29 and a point B30B_{30} on the arc A30A1A_{30}A_1, such that the numerical value of the area of the 6060-gon A1B1A2B2A30B30A_1B_1A_2B_2 \dots A_{30}B_{30} is equal to the numerical value of the perimeter of the original 3030-gon.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

1. **Choosing Points Bk B_k :**
We claim that we can choose Bk B_k to be the midpoint of the arc AkAk+1 A_kA_{k+1} for all 1k30 1 \leq k \leq 30 (where A31A1 A_{31} \equiv A_1 ).

2. **Properties of Bk B_k :**
Since Bk B_k is the midpoint of the arc AkAk+1 A_kA_{k+1} , the line OBk OB_k (where O O is the center of the circle) is the perpendicular bisector of the chord AkAk+1 A_kA_{k+1} . This implies that OBkAkAk+1 OB_k \perp A_kA_{k+1} .

3. Area Calculation:
We need to calculate the area of the 60 60 -gon A1B1A2B2A30B30 A_1B_1A_2B_2 \ldots A_{30}B_{30} . We can break this area into smaller triangles and sum their areas.

4. Triangles Involved:
Each segment AkBkAk+1 A_kB_kA_{k+1} can be divided into two triangles: AkOBk \triangle A_kOB_k and BkOAk+1 \triangle B_kOA_{k+1} .

5. Area of Each Triangle:
Since OBk OB_k is perpendicular to AkAk+1 A_kA_{k+1} , the area of AkOBk \triangle A_kOB_k and BkOAk+1 \triangle B_kOA_{k+1} can be calculated using the formula for the area of a triangle:
Area=12×base×height \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height}
Here, the base is AkAk+1 A_kA_{k+1} and the height is the radius of the circle, which is 2 2 .

6. Summing the Areas:
The total area of the 60 60 -gon is the sum of the areas of all these triangles:
Total Area=k=130(Area of AkOBk+Area of BkOAk+1) \text{Total Area} = \sum_{k=1}^{30} \left( \text{Area of } \triangle A_kOB_k + \text{Area of } \triangle B_kOA_{k+1} \right)
Since each triangle has an area of 12×AkAk+1×2=AkAk+1 \frac{1}{2} \times A_kA_{k+1} \times 2 = A_kA_{k+1} , the total area is:
Total Area=k=130AkAk+1 \text{Total Area} = \sum_{k=1}^{30} A_kA_{k+1}

7. **Perimeter of the Original 30 30 -gon:**
The perimeter of the original 30 30 -gon is:
Perimeter=k=130AkAk+1 \text{Perimeter} = \sum_{k=1}^{30} A_kA_{k+1}

8. Conclusion:
The numerical value of the area of the 60 60 -gon A1B1A2B2A30B30 A_1B_1A_2B_2 \ldots A_{30}B_{30} is equal to the numerical value of the perimeter of the original 30 30 -gon.

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.