Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 210 of 300 #1610 of 2000

Problem 1610

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.4 Prove it

Given an inscribed quadrilateral ABCDABCD, which marked the midpoints of the points M,N,P,QM, N, P, Q in this order. Let diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersect at point OO. Prove that the triangle OMN,ONP,OPQ,OQMOMN, ONP, OPQ, OQM have the same radius of the circles

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

1. Identify the given elements and relationships:
- We have an inscribed quadrilateral ABCDABCD with midpoints M,N,P,QM, N, P, Q of sides AB,BC,CD,DAAB, BC, CD, DA respectively.
- Diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersect at point OO.

2. Establish similarity of triangles:
- Since MM and PP are midpoints, BM=AB2BM = \frac{AB}{2} and PC=CD2PC = \frac{CD}{2}.
- Given MBO^PCO^\widehat{MBO} \equiv \widehat{PCO} and OBOC=ABCD=BMPC\frac{OB}{OC} = \frac{AB}{CD} = \frac{BM}{PC}, we can conclude that BOMCOP\triangle BOM \sim \triangle COP.

3. Use the Law of Sines in similar triangles:
- From the similarity BOMCOP\triangle BOM \sim \triangle COP, we have:
OMOP=BOOC=sinACBsinDBC \frac{OM}{OP} = \frac{BO}{OC} = \frac{\sin \angle ACB}{\sin \angle DBC}
- Applying the Law of Sines in BOM\triangle BOM and COP\triangle COP:
OMsinACB=OPsinDBC \frac{OM}{\sin \angle ACB} = \frac{OP}{\sin \angle DBC}

4. Relate areas of triangles:
- Using the area formula for triangles, we have:
ONOMMNBCACsinACB=ONOPNPBCBDsinDBC \frac{ON \cdot OM \cdot MN}{BC \cdot AC \cdot \sin \angle ACB} = \frac{ON \cdot OP \cdot NP}{BC \cdot BD \cdot \sin \angle DBC}
- Simplifying, we get:
ONOMMNSACB=ONOPNPSDBC \frac{ON \cdot OM \cdot MN}{S_{\triangle ACB}} = \frac{ON \cdot OP \cdot NP}{S_{\triangle DBC}}

5. Equate the areas:
- It follows that:
4SMON=SACBand4SPON=SDBC 4S_{\triangle MON} = S_{\triangle ACB} \quad \text{and} \quad 4S_{\triangle PON} = S_{\triangle DBC}
- Therefore:
ONOMMNSMON=ONOPNPSPON \frac{ON \cdot OM \cdot MN}{S_{\triangle MON}} = \frac{ON \cdot OP \cdot NP}{S_{\triangle PON}}
- This implies:
RMON=RPON R_{\triangle MON} = R_{\triangle PON}

6. Generalize for other triangles:
- By similar arguments, we can prove the same relationship for ONP\triangle ONP and OQM\triangle OQM.

Conclusion:
RMON=RPON=RONP=ROQM \boxed{R_{\triangle MON} = R_{\triangle PON} = R_{\triangle ONP} = R_{\triangle OQM}}

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.