Olympiad Maths Prep

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Problem 797

AIME late
Algebra Difficulty 5.4 Find the answer

## Task B-2.1.

For which nNn \in \mathbb{N} does the following hold

1i1+2i2+3i3+4i4++nin=48+49i, if i=1? 1 i^{1}+2 i^{2}+3 i^{3}+4 i^{4}+\cdots+n i^{n}=48+49 i, \text { if } i=\sqrt{-1} ?

Official solution

## First Solution.

The sum of every four consecutive addends from the left side equals 22i2-2i. 1 point

By summing the first 96 addends, we get 24(22i)=4848i24 \cdot(2-2i)=48-48i. 1 point

Therefore, for the initial equality to hold, there must be at least one more power of ii on the left side. Regardless of how many there are, we can write

24(22i)+a+bi=48+49i48+a+(48+b)i=48+49i \begin{aligned} & 24 \cdot(2-2i) + a + bi = 48 + 49i \\ & 48 + a + (-48 + b)i = 48 + 49i \end{aligned}

1 point

From this, we have

48+a=48a=0,1 point48+b=49b=97.1 point \begin{array}{ll} 48 + a = 48 \Rightarrow a = 0, & 1 \text{ point} \\ -48 + b = 49 \Rightarrow b = 97. & 1 \text{ point} \end{array}

We conclude that there are 97 addends on the left side.

The 97th addend is 97i=97i9797i = 97i^{97}, so the desired n=97n = 97.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.