Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 358 of 400 #1358 of 2000

Problem 1358

National olympiad, first round
Algebra Difficulty 6.8 Find the answer

Find all functions f:RRf: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} satisfying:

f(xy)+f(xz)2f(x)f(yz)14\frac{f(xy)+f(xz)}{2} - f(x)f(yz) \geq \frac{1}{4} for all x,y,zRx,y,z \in \mathbb{R}

Official solution

1. Let P(x,y,z) P(x, y, z) denote the assertion of the given functional inequality:
f(xy)+f(xz)2f(x)f(yz)14 \frac{f(xy) + f(xz)}{2} - f(x)f(yz) \geq \frac{1}{4}
for all x,y,zR x, y, z \in \mathbb{R} .

2. Consider P(1,1,z) P(1, 1, z) :
f(11)+f(1z)2f(1)f(1z)14 \frac{f(1 \cdot 1) + f(1 \cdot z)}{2} - f(1)f(1 \cdot z) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Simplifying, we get:
f(1)+f(z)2f(1)f(z)14 \frac{f(1) + f(z)}{2} - f(1)f(z) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Let f(1)=a f(1) = a . Then:
a+f(z)2af(z)14 \frac{a + f(z)}{2} - af(z) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Rearranging, we obtain:
a+f(z)2af(z)14 \frac{a + f(z)}{2} - af(z) \geq \frac{1}{4}
a+f(z)2af(z)12 a + f(z) - 2af(z) \geq \frac{1}{2}
a+f(z)(12a)12 a + f(z)(1 - 2a) \geq \frac{1}{2}
f(z)(12a)12a f(z)(1 - 2a) \geq \frac{1}{2} - a

3. Consider P(x,1,1) P(x, 1, 1) :
f(x1)+f(x1)2f(x)f(11)14 \frac{f(x \cdot 1) + f(x \cdot 1)}{2} - f(x)f(1 \cdot 1) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Simplifying, we get:
f(x)f(x)f(1)14 f(x) - f(x)f(1) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Let f(1)=a f(1) = a . Then:
f(x)af(x)14 f(x) - af(x) \geq \frac{1}{4}
f(x)(1a)14 f(x)(1 - a) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Since f(x)14(1a) f(x) \geq \frac{1}{4(1 - a)} , we need 1a0 1 - a \neq 0 , i.e., a1 a \neq 1 .

4. Consider P(x,0,0) P(x, 0, 0) :
f(x0)+f(x0)2f(x)f(00)14 \frac{f(x \cdot 0) + f(x \cdot 0)}{2} - f(x)f(0 \cdot 0) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Simplifying, we get:
f(0)f(x)f(0)14 f(0) - f(x)f(0) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Let f(0)=b f(0) = b . Then:
bbf(x)14 b - bf(x) \geq \frac{1}{4}
b(1f(x))14 b(1 - f(x)) \geq \frac{1}{4}
Since b14(1f(x)) b \geq \frac{1}{4(1 - f(x))} , we need 1f(x)0 1 - f(x) \neq 0 , i.e., f(x)1 f(x) \neq 1 .

5. From the previous steps, we have:
f(x)12andf(x)12 f(x) \geq \frac{1}{2} \quad \text{and} \quad f(x) \leq \frac{1}{2}
Therefore, f(x)=12 f(x) = \frac{1}{2} for all xR x \in \mathbb{R} .

6. Finally, we verify that f(x)=12 f(x) = \frac{1}{2} satisfies the original inequality:
f(xy)+f(xz)2f(x)f(yz)=12+1221212=1214=14 \frac{f(xy) + f(xz)}{2} - f(x)f(yz) = \frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{4}
which is indeed 14\geq \frac{1}{4}.

Thus, the only function that satisfies the given inequality is f(x)=12 f(x) = \frac{1}{2} for all xR x \in \mathbb{R} .

The final answer is f(x)=12 for all xR \boxed{f(x) = \frac{1}{2} \text{ for all } x \in \mathbb{R}} .

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.