Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 69 of 400 #1069 of 2000

Problem 1069

National olympiad, first round
Geometry Difficulty 6.1 Prove it

28.38*. Circles S1,S2,,SnS_{1}, S_{2}, \ldots, S_{n} touch two circles R1R_{1} and R2R_{2} and, moreover, S1S_{1} touches S2S_{2} at point A1,S2A_{1}, S_{2} touches S3S_{3} at point A2,Sn1A_{2} \ldots, S_{n-1} touches SnS_{n} at point An1A_{n-1}. Prove that the points A1,A2,,An1A_{1}, A_{2}, \ldots, A_{n-1} lie on one circle.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

28.38. If circles R1 R_{1} and R2 R_{2} intersect or touch, then the inversion with the center at their point of intersection will transform circles S1,S2,,Sn S_{1}, S_{2}, \ldots, S_{n} into circles touching a pair of lines and each other at points A1,A2,,An1 A_{1}^{*}, A_{2}^{*}, \ldots, A_{n-1}^{*} , lying on the bisector of the angle formed by lines R1 R_{1}^{*} and R2 R_{2}^{*} , if R1 R_{1}^{*} and R2 R_{2}^{*} intersect, and on a line parallel to R1 R_{1}^{*} and R2 R_{2}^{*} , if these lines do not intersect. Applying the inversion again, we obtain that points A1,A2,,An1 A_{1}^{*}, A_{2}^{*}, \ldots, A_{n-1}^{*} lie on one circle.

If circles R1 R_{1} and R2 R_{2} do not intersect, then according to problem 28.6, there exists an inversion that transforms them into a pair of concentric circles. In this case, points A1,A2,,An1 A_{1}^{*}, A_{2}^{*}, \ldots, A_{n-1}^{*} lie on a circle concentric with R1 R_{1}^{*} and R2 R_{2}^{*} , which means that points A1,A2,,An1 A_{1}, A_{2}, \ldots, A_{n-1} lie on one circle.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.