Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 168 of 400 #1168 of 2000

Problem 1168

National olympiad, first round
Combinatorics Difficulty 6.3 Find the answer

Find the value of 1a<b<c12a3b5c\sum_{1\le a<b<c} \frac{1}{2^a3^b5^c} (i.e. the sum of 12a3b5c\frac{1}{2^a3^b5^c} over all triples of positive integers (a,b,c)(a, b, c) satisfying a<b<ca<b<c)

Official solution

To find the value of the sum
1a<b<c12a3b5c, \sum_{1 \le a < b < c} \frac{1}{2^a 3^b 5^c},
we need to consider all possible triples (a,b,c)(a, b, c) where a,b,ca, b, c are positive integers such that a<b<ca < b < c.

1. **Sum over cc:**
For a fixed aa and bb, cc can take any value greater than bb. Therefore, the sum over cc is:
c=b+115c=15b+1k=015k=15b+11115=15b+154=145b. \sum_{c=b+1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{5^c} = \frac{1}{5^{b+1}} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{5^k} = \frac{1}{5^{b+1}} \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \frac{1}{5}} = \frac{1}{5^{b+1}} \cdot \frac{5}{4} = \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5^b}.

2. **Sum over bb:**
For a fixed aa, bb can take any value greater than aa. Therefore, the sum over bb is:
b=a+113b145b=14b=a+11(35)b=14b=a+1115b=1415a+1k=0115k=1415a+111115=1415a+11514=11415a. \sum_{b=a+1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{3^b} \cdot \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5^b} = \frac{1}{4} \sum_{b=a+1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(3 \cdot 5)^b} = \frac{1}{4} \sum_{b=a+1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{15^b} = \frac{1}{4 \cdot 15^{a+1}} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{15^k} = \frac{1}{4 \cdot 15^{a+1}} \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \frac{1}{15}} = \frac{1}{4 \cdot 15^{a+1}} \cdot \frac{15}{14} = \frac{1}{14 \cdot 15^a}.

3. **Sum over aa:**
Finally, aa can take any positive integer value. Therefore, the sum over aa is:
a=112a11415a=114a=11(215)a=114a=1130a=11430k=0130k=1143011130=114303029=11429=1406. \sum_{a=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{2^a} \cdot \frac{1}{14 \cdot 15^a} = \frac{1}{14} \sum_{a=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2 \cdot 15)^a} = \frac{1}{14} \sum_{a=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{30^a} = \frac{1}{14 \cdot 30} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{30^k} = \frac{1}{14 \cdot 30} \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \frac{1}{30}} = \frac{1}{14 \cdot 30} \cdot \frac{30}{29} = \frac{1}{14 \cdot 29} = \frac{1}{406}.

The final answer is 1406\boxed{\frac{1}{406}}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.