Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 400 of 400 #1000 of 2000

Problem 1000

AIME late
Geometry Difficulty 6.0 Prove it

[ Vectors of polygon sides ]

In a convex pentagon ABCDEA B C D E, side BCB C is parallel to diagonal ADA D, CDBEC D \| B E, DEACD E \| A C, and AEBDA E \| B D. Prove that ABCEA B \| C E.

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This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

Let the diagonal BEB E intersect the diagonals ADA D and ACA C at points FF and GG. The sides of triangles AFEA F E and BCDB C D are parallel, so they are similar and AF:FE=BC:CDA F: F E = B C: C D. Therefore, AD:BE=(AF+BC):(EF+CD)=BC:CDA D: B E = (A F + B C):(E F + C D) = B C: C D. Similarly, AE:BD=DE:ACA E: B D = D E: A C. From the similarity of triangles BEDB E D and EGAE G A, we get AE:DB=EG:BE=CD:BEA E: D B = E G: B E = C D: B E. Thus, BCAD=CDBE=AEBD=DEAC=λ\frac{B C}{A D} = \frac{C D}{B E} = \frac{A E}{B D} = \frac{D E}{A C} = \lambda. Clearly, BC+CD+DE+EA+AB=0,AD+BE+CA+\overrightarrow{B C} + \overrightarrow{C D} + \overrightarrow{D E} + \overrightarrow{E A} + \overrightarrow{A B} = \overrightarrow{0}, \overrightarrow{A D} + \overrightarrow{B E} + \overrightarrow{C A} +

DB+EC=0\overrightarrow{D B} + \overrightarrow{E C} = \overrightarrow{0} and BC=λAD,CD=λBE,DE=λCA,EA=λDB\overrightarrow{B C} = \lambda \overrightarrow{A D}, \overrightarrow{C D} = \lambda \overrightarrow{B E}, \overrightarrow{D E} = \lambda \overrightarrow{C A}, \overrightarrow{E A} = \lambda \overrightarrow{D B}. Therefore, 0=λ(AD+BE+CA+DB)+AB=λEC+AB\overrightarrow{0} = \lambda(\overrightarrow{A D} + \overrightarrow{B E} + \overrightarrow{C A} + \overrightarrow{D B}) + \overrightarrow{A B} = -\lambda \overrightarrow{E C} + \overrightarrow{A B}, i.e., AB=λEC\overrightarrow{A B} = \lambda \overrightarrow{E C}. Hence, ABECA B \parallel E C.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.