Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 288 of 400 #1288 of 2000

Problem 1288

National olympiad, first round
Combinatorics Difficulty 6.5 Find the answer

In a group of people, there are some mutually friendly pairs. For positive integer k3k\ge3 we say the group is kk-great, if every (unordered) kk-tuple of people from the group can be seated around a round table it the way that all pairs of neighbors are mutually friendly. [i](Since this was the 67th year of CZE/SVK MO,)[/i] show that if the group is 6-great, then it is 7-great as well.
[b]Bonus[/b] (not included in the competition): Determine all positive integers k3k\ge3 for which, if the group is kk-great, then it is (k+1)(k+1)-great as well.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

1. Assume the group is 6-great but not 7-great.
- Consider a graph G G where vertices represent people and edges represent friendships.
- The group is 6-great if for any choice of 6 vertices, there exists a cycle containing these vertices.
- Assume there are 7 vertices in G G for which no cycle contains all of them.

2. Choose 7 vertices and analyze the subgraph.
- Let v v be one of these 7 vertices.
- Since the group is 6-great, there is a cycle containing the remaining 6 vertices.

3. **Analyze the degree of v v .**
- If more than 3 of the dashed edges (edges connecting v v to the other 6 vertices) are part of G G , then there are two neighboring dashed edges, forming a cycle with all 7 vertices, which contradicts our assumption.
- Therefore, deg(v)3 \deg(v) \leq 3 .

4. **Consider a cycle containing 6 vertices including v v .**
- Let w w be a neighbor of v v in this cycle.
- Since there is a cycle through the 6 vertices excluding w w , deg(v)3 \deg(v) \geq 3 .

5. Combine the results to find a contradiction.
- From the previous steps, we have deg(v)=3 \deg(v) = 3 .
- Summing the degrees of the 7 vertices, we get 21 21 , which contradicts the handshaking lemma (which states that the sum of the degrees of all vertices in a graph is even).

6. Conclude that the assumption is false.
- Therefore, there is no group of people that is 6-great but not 7-great.

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.