Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 142 of 300 #1542 of 2000

Problem 1542

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.3 Prove it

Let PQRSPQRS be a quadrilateral that has an incircle and PQQRPQ\neq QR. Its incircle touches sides PQ,QR,RS,PQ,QR,RS, and SPSP at A,B,C,A,B,C, and DD, respectively. Line RPRP intersects lines BABA and BCBC at TT and MM, respectively. Place point NN on line TBTB such that NMNM bisects TMB\angle TMB. Lines CNCN and TMTM intersect at KK, and lines BKBK and CDCD intersect at HH. Prove that NMH=90\angle NMH=90^{\circ}.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

1. Identify Key Points and Lines:
- Given quadrilateral PQRSPQRS with an incircle touching sides PQ,QR,RS,PQ, QR, RS, and SPSP at points A,B,C,A, B, C, and DD respectively.
- Line RPRP intersects lines BABA and BCBC at points TT and MM respectively.
- Point NN is on line TBTB such that NMNM bisects TMB\angle TMB.
- Lines CNCN and TMTM intersect at KK, and lines BKBK and CDCD intersect at HH.

2. **Collinearity of Points C,D,TC, D, T:**
- It is known that points C,D,TC, D, T are collinear. This can be shown using Pascal's theorem on the degenerate hexagon PQCSDRPQCSDR.

3. **Claim: MHMH is the Angle Bisector of TMC\angle TMC:**
- To prove NMH=90\angle NMH = 90^\circ, we need to show that MHMH is the angle bisector of TMC\angle TMC.
- If MHMH is the angle bisector of TMC\angle TMC, then NMH\angle NMH will be half of BMC\angle BMC, which is 180180^\circ.

4. **Using Ceva's Theorem in BTC\triangle BTC:**
- Apply Ceva's theorem in BTC\triangle BTC with cevians BM,CN,BM, CN, and THTH.
- Ceva's theorem states that for cevians AD,BE,CFAD, BE, CF of ABC\triangle ABC intersecting at a common point, AFFBBDDCCEEA=1\frac{AF}{FB} \cdot \frac{BD}{DC} \cdot \frac{CE}{EA} = 1.

5. Verification:
- Verify that the cevians BM,CN,BM, CN, and THTH intersect at a common point KK.
- Check the ratios BTTC,CMMB,NHHT\frac{BT}{TC}, \frac{CM}{MB}, \frac{NH}{HT} to ensure they satisfy Ceva's theorem.

6. Conclusion:
- Since MHMH is the angle bisector of TMC\angle TMC, NMH\angle NMH is half of BMC\angle BMC, which is 9090^\circ.

NMH=90 \boxed{\angle NMH = 90^\circ}

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.