Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 71 of 300 #1471 of 2000

Problem 1471

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.1 Prove it

ABCDABCD - convex quadrilateral. A+D=150,B<150,C<150\angle A+ \angle D=150, \angle B<150, \angle C<150 Prove, that area ABCDABCD is greater than 14(ABCD+ABBC+BCCD)\frac{1}{4}(AB*CD+AB*BC+BC*CD)

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

1. Given Information and Setup:
- We are given a convex quadrilateral ABCDABCD with A+D=150\angle A + \angle D = 150^\circ.
- We are also given that B<150\angle B < 150^\circ and C<150\angle C < 150^\circ.
- We need to prove that the area of ABCDABCD is greater than 14(ABCD+ABBC+BCCD)\frac{1}{4}(AB \cdot CD + AB \cdot BC + BC \cdot CD).

2. Intersection and Angle Calculation:
- Let ABAB and CDCD intersect at point EE.
- Since A+D=150\angle A + \angle D = 150^\circ, the external angle at EE is 180150=30180^\circ - 150^\circ = 30^\circ. Thus, E=30\angle E = 30^\circ.

3. Altitude Construction:
- Let DFDF and BGBG be the altitudes from DD and BB to ABAB and CDCD respectively.
- Since EBC>30\angle EBC > 30^\circ and ECB>30\angle ECB > 30^\circ, it follows that BC<EBBC < EB and BC<ECBC < EC.

4. Area Calculation:
- The area of ABCDABCD can be split into two triangles: ADB\triangle ADB and DBC\triangle DBC.
- The area of ADB\triangle ADB is 12ABDF\frac{1}{2} \cdot AB \cdot DF.
- The area of DBC\triangle DBC is 12CDBG\frac{1}{2} \cdot CD \cdot BG.

5. Expressing Altitudes:
- Given DF=12DEDF = \frac{1}{2} DE and BG=12BEBG = \frac{1}{2} BE, we can rewrite the areas:
Area of ADB=12AB12DE=14ABDE \text{Area of } \triangle ADB = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AB \cdot \frac{1}{2} DE = \frac{1}{4} AB \cdot DE
Area of DBC=12CD12BE=14CDBE \text{Area of } \triangle DBC = \frac{1}{2} \cdot CD \cdot \frac{1}{2} BE = \frac{1}{4} CD \cdot BE

6. **Total Area of ABCDABCD:**
- The total area of ABCDABCD is:
Area of ABCD=Area of ADB+Area of DBC=14ABDE+14CDBE \text{Area of } ABCD = \text{Area of } \triangle ADB + \text{Area of } \triangle DBC = \frac{1}{4} AB \cdot DE + \frac{1}{4} CD \cdot BE

7. Comparison with Given Expression:
- We need to show:
14ABDE+14CDBE>14(ABCD+ABBC+BCCD) \frac{1}{4} AB \cdot DE + \frac{1}{4} CD \cdot BE > \frac{1}{4} (AB \cdot CD + AB \cdot BC + BC \cdot CD)
- Since BC<EBBC < EB and BC<ECBC < EC, it follows that:
ABDE+CDBE>ABCD+ABBC+BCCD AB \cdot DE + CD \cdot BE > AB \cdot CD + AB \cdot BC + BC \cdot CD

8. Conclusion:
- Therefore, the area of ABCDABCD is greater than 14(ABCD+ABBC+BCCD)\frac{1}{4}(AB \cdot CD + AB \cdot BC + BC \cdot CD).

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.