Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 342 of 400 #942 of 2000

Problem 942

AIME late
Combinatorics Difficulty 5.8 Prove it

Example 24 (23rd All-Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad) On Sunday, there are 7 children, each of whom comes to the ice cream stand 3 times. It is known that every two of them meet at the stand. Prove: At some moment, at least 3 children meet at the stand.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

Proof by contradiction. If each meeting involves only two people, and it is known that every 3 people have met at the kiosk, the number of meetings should be C72=21C_{7}^{2}=21 times. During the first meeting, two people come to the kiosk, and in the subsequent 20 meetings, each time at least one person is a new arrival to the kiosk, so the total number of arrivals at the kiosk is 22 person-times. On the other hand, each person has been to the kiosk 3 times, and 7 people have gone a total of 21 person-times, which is a contradiction. Thus, the proposition is proved.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.