The Miami Heat and the San Antonio Spurs are playing a best-of-five series basketball championship, in which the team that first wins three games wins the whole series. Assume that the probability that the Heat wins a given game is (there are no ties). The expected value for the total number of games played can be written as , with a polynomial. Find .
Problem 1300
Official solution
1. Determine the probabilities for the series lasting 3, 4, and 5 games:
- The probability that the series lasts exactly 3 games:
This is because either the Heat wins all three games, or the Spurs win all three games.
- The probability that the series lasts exactly 4 games:
This is because one team wins three games, and the other team wins exactly one game. The factor of 3 accounts for the different positions the single win can occur in the sequence of four games.
- The probability that the series lasts exactly 5 games:
This is because the first four games must be split 2-2, and then the fifth game determines the winner. The factor of 6 accounts for the different ways to arrange two wins for each team in the first four games.
2. Calculate the expected number of games:
The expected number of games, , is given by:
Substituting the probabilities:
3. Simplify the expression:
4. **Evaluate :**
Substitute into the polynomial :
Simplify each term:
The final answer is .