Track / Stage 6 / 152 of 400 #1152 of 2000
Problem 1152 National olympiad, first round Algebra Difficulty 6.2 Prove it
Example 3 Let a , b , c a, b, c a , b , c be positive real numbers, and satisfy a b c = 1 abc = 1 ab c = 1 . Try to prove:1 a 3 ( b + c ) + 1 b 3 ( c + a ) + 1 c 3 ( a + b ) ⩾ 3 2 .
\frac{1}{a^{3}(b+c)}+\frac{1}{b^{3}(c+a)}+\frac{1}{c^{3}(a+b)} \geqslant \frac{3}{2} \text {. }
a 3 ( b + c ) 1 + b 3 ( c + a ) 1 + c 3 ( a + b ) 1 ⩾ 2 3 . (36th IMO)
This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark
yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.
I solved it I didn't Skip
Official solution Analysis: Transform each term, convert to a 1 1 − q ( ∣ q ∣ < 1 ) \frac{a_{1}}{1-q}(|q|<1) 1 − q a 1 ( ∣ q ∣ < 1 ) , since t = 1 a + 1 b + 1 c > 0 t=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}>0 t = a 1 + b 1 + c 1 > 0 , so, 0 < 1 t a 、 1 t b 、 1 t c < 1 0<\frac{1}{t a} 、 \frac{1}{t b} 、 \frac{1}{t c}<1 0 < t a 1 、 t b 1 、 t c 1 < 1 . Also, a b c = 1 a b c=1 ab c = 1 , then1 a 3 ( b + c ) = a b c a 3 ( b + c ) = b c a 2 ( b + c ) = 1 a 2 1 b + 1 c = 1 a 2 t − 1 a = 1 a ⋅ 1 t a 1 − 1 t a = 1 a ∑ k = 1 ∞ ( 1 t a ) k .
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{1}{a^{3}(b+c)}=\frac{a b c}{a^{3}(b+c)}=\frac{b c}{a^{2}(b+c)} \\
=\frac{\frac{1}{a^{2}}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^{2}}}{t-\frac{1}{a}}=\frac{1}{a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{t a}}{1-\frac{1}{t a}} \\
=\frac{1}{a} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{t a}\right)^{k} .
\end{array}
a 3 ( b + c ) 1 = a 3 ( b + c ) ab c = a 2 ( b + c ) b c = b 1 + c 1 a 2 1 = t − a 1 a 2 1 = a 1 ⋅ 1 − t a 1 t a 1 = a 1 ∑ k = 1 ∞ ( t a 1 ) k .
Similarly, 1 b 3 ( c + a ) = 1 b ∑ k = 1 ∞ ( 1 t b ) k \frac{1}{b^{3}(c+a)}=\frac{1}{b} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{t b}\right)^{k} b 3 ( c + a ) 1 = b 1 ∑ k = 1 ∞ ( t b 1 ) k ,1 c 3 ( a + b ) = 1 c ∑ k = 1 ∞ ( 1 t c ) k . Hence 1 a 3 ( b + c ) + 1 b 3 ( c + a ) + 1 c 3 ( a + b ) = 1 t ( 1 a 2 + 1 b 2 + 1 c 2 ) + 1 t 2 ( 1 a 3 + 1 b 3 + 1 c 3 ) + ⋯ + 1 t n ( 1 a n + 1 + 1 b n + 1 + 1 c n + 1 ) + ⋯ ⩾ 1 t ⋅ ( 1 a + 1 b + 1 c ) 2 3 + 1 t 2 ⋅ ( 1 a + 1 b + 1 c ) 3 3 2 + ⋯ + 1 t n ⋅ ( 1 a + 1 b + 1 c ) n + 1 3 n + ⋯ = 1 t ⋅ t 2 3 + 1 t 2 ⋅ t 3 3 2 + ⋯ + 1 t n ⋅ t n + 1 3 n + ⋯ = t ∑ k = 1 ∞ 1 3 k = t ⋅ 1 3 1 − 1 3 = 1 2 t = 1 2 ( 1 a + 1 b + 1 c ) ⩾ 1 2 × 3 1 a b c 3 = 3 2 .
\begin{aligned}
& \frac{1}{c^{3}(a+b)}=\frac{1}{c} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{t c}\right)^{k} . \\
\text { Hence } & \frac{1}{a^{3}(b+c)}+\frac{1}{b^{3}(c+a)}+\frac{1}{c^{3}(a+b)} \\
= & \frac{1}{t}\left(\frac{1}{a^{2}}+\frac{1}{b^{2}}+\frac{1}{c^{2}}\right)+\frac{1}{t^{2}}\left(\frac{1}{a^{3}}+\frac{1}{b^{3}}+\frac{1}{c^{3}}\right)+ \\
& \cdots+\frac{1}{t^{n}}\left(\frac{1}{a^{n+1}}+\frac{1}{b^{n+1}}+\frac{1}{c^{n+1}}\right)+\cdots \\
\geqslant & \frac{1}{t} \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^{2}}{3}+\frac{1}{t^{2}} \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^{3}}{3^{2}}+ \\
& \cdots+\frac{1}{t^{n}} \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^{n+1}}{3^{n}}+\cdots \\
= & \frac{1}{t} \cdot \frac{t^{2}}{3}+\frac{1}{t^{2}} \cdot \frac{t^{3}}{3^{2}}+\cdots+\frac{1}{t^{n}} \cdot \frac{t^{n+1}}{3^{n}}+\cdots \\
= & t \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{3^{k}} \\
= & t \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{3}}{1-\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{1}{2} t=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right) \\
\geqslant & \frac{1}{2} \times 3 \sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a b c}}=\frac{3}{2} .
\end{aligned}
Hence = ⩾ = = = ⩾ c 3 ( a + b ) 1 = c 1 k = 1 ∑ ∞ ( t c 1 ) k . a 3 ( b + c ) 1 + b 3 ( c + a ) 1 + c 3 ( a + b ) 1 t 1 ( a 2 1 + b 2 1 + c 2 1 ) + t 2 1 ( a 3 1 + b 3 1 + c 3 1 ) + ⋯ + t n 1 ( a n + 1 1 + b n + 1 1 + c n + 1 1 ) + ⋯ t 1 ⋅ 3 ( a 1 + b 1 + c 1 ) 2 + t 2 1 ⋅ 3 2 ( a 1 + b 1 + c 1 ) 3 + ⋯ + t n 1 ⋅ 3 n ( a 1 + b 1 + c 1 ) n + 1 + ⋯ t 1 ⋅ 3 t 2 + t 2 1 ⋅ 3 2 t 3 + ⋯ + t n 1 ⋅ 3 n t n + 1 + ⋯ t k = 1 ∑ ∞ 3 k 1 t ⋅ 1 − 3 1 3 1 = 2 1 t = 2 1 ( a 1 + b 1 + c 1 ) 2 1 × 3 3 ab c 1 = 2 3 .
Equality holds if and only if a = b = c = 1 a=b=c=1 a = b = c = 1 . Therefore, the original inequality holds.
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