For a non-negative integer , call a one-variable polynomial with integer coefficients -[i]good [/i] if:
(a)
(b) For every positive integer , , and
(c) There exist exactly values of such that is prime.
Show that there exist infinitely many non-constant polynomials that are not -good for any .
Problem 1525
Official solution
To show that there exist infinitely many non-constant polynomials that are not -good for any , we need to construct a family of polynomials that fail to meet the criteria for being -good for any non-negative integer .
1. **Consider the polynomial where is a non-zero integer:**
- This polynomial is non-constant since .
- , satisfying condition (a).
- For any positive integer , . Since and are positive, , satisfying condition (b).
2. **Analyze the number of primes generated by :**
- By Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions, there are infinitely many primes in the sequence where is a positive integer.
- This implies that for any , there are infinitely many values of such that is prime. Therefore, it is impossible for to have exactly values of such that is prime.
3. **Construct a family of polynomials that are not -good:**
- Consider the family of polynomials for any non-zero integer .
- As shown, these polynomials cannot be -good for any because they generate infinitely many primes, violating condition (c).
4. Conclusion:
- Since can be any non-zero integer, there are infinitely many such polynomials .
- Therefore, there exist infinitely many non-constant polynomials that are not -good for any .