Problem 1815

1. Define the geometric elements:
- Let $\mathcal{C}_1(r_1)$ and $\mathcal{C}_2(r_2)$ be the incircles of the bases of the truncated pyramid, with $r_2 > r_1$.
- Let $\mathcal{C}_3(\varrho)$ be the circumcircle of the regular $n$-gon whose vertices are the tangency points of the sphere $\mathcal{E}$ with the lateral faces.
- These circles are cross sections of a right cone with apex $A$ circumscribed around $\mathcal{E}$.

2. Consider a plane through the axis of the cone:
- This plane cuts $\mathcal{E}$ into a circle $(I)$ and the bases $\mathcal{C}_2(r_2)$ and $\mathcal{C}_1(r_1)$ into segments $BC = 2r_2$ and $MN = 2r_1$ respectively.
- The quadrilateral $BCNM$ is an isosceles trapezoid with incircle $(I)$.

3. **Determine the length $DE$:**
- If $(I)$ touches $AB$ and $AC$ at $D$ and $E$ respectively, then $DE = 2\varrho$, $NE = r_1$, and $CE = r_2$.
- Using the formula for the length of the segment $DE$ in terms of the other segments:
$$DE = \frac{BC \cdot EN + MN \cdot EC}{NC}$$
Substituting the values, we get:
$$2\varrho = \frac{2r_2 \cdot r_1 + 2r_1 \cdot r_2}{r_1 + r_2}$$
Simplifying, we find:
$$\varrho = \frac{2r_1r_2}{r_1 + r_2} \quad (\star)$$

4. Calculate the areas of the polygons:
- The area $\sigma$ of the polygon whose vertices are the tangential points of the sphere and the lateral faces of the pyramid is given by:
$$\sigma = n \varrho^2 \cos \frac{\pi}{n} \sin \frac{\pi}{n}$$
- The area $S_1$ of the base with incircle $\mathcal{C}_1(r_1)$ is:
$$S_1 = n \cdot r_1^2 \tan \frac{\pi}{n}$$
- The area $S_2$ of the base with incircle $\mathcal{C}_2(r_2)$ is:
$$S_2 = n \cdot r_2^2 \tan \frac{\pi}{n}$$
- Therefore, the product $S_1 S_2$ is:
$$S_1 S_2 = n^2 r_1^2 r_2^2 \tan^2 \frac{\pi}{n}$$

5. **Calculate the lateral surface area $S$:**
- The lateral faces of the truncated pyramid are congruent isosceles trapezoids with altitude $r_1 + r_2$ and bases equal to the sides of the $n$-gons with incircles $\mathcal{C}_1(r_1)$ and $\mathcal{C}_2(r_2)$.
- Therefore, the lateral surface area $S$ is:
$$S = \frac{n}{2} \cdot (r_1 + r_2) \cdot \left(2 r_1 \tan \frac{\pi}{n} + 2 r_2 \tan \frac{\pi}{n} \right) = n (r_1 + r_2)^2 \tan \frac{\pi}{n}$$

6. **Substitute $\varrho$, $r_1r_2$, and $(r_1 + r_2)$ into $(\star)$:**
- Using the expression for $\varrho$:
$$\varrho = \frac{2r_1r_2}{r_1 + r_2}$$
- Substitute into the formula for $\sigma$:
$$\sigma = n \left(\frac{2r_1r_2}{r_1 + r_2}\right)^2 \cos \frac{\pi}{n} \sin \frac{\pi}{n}$$
- Simplify:
$$\sigma = n \cdot \frac{4r_1^2 r_2^2}{(r_1 + r_2)^2} \cos \frac{\pi}{n} \sin \frac{\pi}{n}$$

7. Combine the expressions:
- Substitute $\sigma$ and $S$ into the desired equation:
$$\frac{\sigma}{n \cos \frac{\pi}{n} \sin \frac{\pi}{n}} = \frac{4S_1 S_2}{n^2 \tan^2 \frac{\pi}{n}} \cdot \frac{n \tan \frac{\pi}{n}}{S}$$
- Simplify to get:
$$\sigma S = 4 S_1 S_2 \cos^2 \frac{\pi}{n}$$

The final answer is $\boxed{ \sigma S = 4 S_1 S_2 \cos^2 \frac{\pi}{n} }$