Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 8 / 11 of 180 #1711 of 2000

Problem 1711

IMO Shortlist mid-range; USAMO P2/P5
Geometry Difficulty 8.0 Prove it

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle where AC>BCAC > BC. Let TT denote the foot of the altitude from vertex CC, denote the circumcentre of the triangle by OO. Show that quadrilaterals ATOCATOC and BTOCBTOC have equal area.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

1. **Identify the areas of quadrilaterals ATOCATOC and BTOCBTOC**:
- We need to show that the areas of quadrilaterals ATOCATOC and BTOCBTOC are equal.

2. **Calculate the area of BTOCBTOC**:
- The area of quadrilateral BTOCBTOC can be split into the areas of triangles BTCBTC and COTCOT.
- The area of triangle BTCBTC is given by:
ABTC=12BTBCsinBTC A_{BTC} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BT \cdot BC \cdot \sin \angle BTC
Since BTC=B\angle BTC = \angle B, we have:
ABTC=12BTBCsinB A_{BTC} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BT \cdot BC \cdot \sin \angle B
- The area of triangle COTCOT is given by:
ACOT=12CTOCsinOCT A_{COT} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \sin \angle OCT
Since OCT=90B\angle OCT = 90^\circ - \angle B, we have:
ACOT=12CTOCcosB A_{COT} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \cos \angle B

3. Combine the areas:
- The total area of BTOCBTOC is:
ABTOC=ABTC+ACOT=12BTBCsinB+12CTOCcosB A_{BTOC} = A_{BTC} + A_{COT} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BT \cdot BC \cdot \sin \angle B + \frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \cos \angle B

4. **Calculate the area of ATOCATOC**:
- The area of quadrilateral ATOCATOC can be split into the areas of triangles ATCATC and COTCOT.
- The area of triangle ATCATC is given by:
AATC=12ATACsinATC A_{ATC} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AT \cdot AC \cdot \sin \angle ATC
Since ATC=A\angle ATC = \angle A, we have:
AATC=12ATACsinA A_{ATC} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AT \cdot AC \cdot \sin \angle A
- The area of triangle COTCOT is the same as calculated before:
ACOT=12CTOCcosB A_{COT} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \cos \angle B

5. Combine the areas:
- The total area of ATOCATOC is:
AATOC=AATC+ACOT=12ATACsinA+12CTOCcosB A_{ATOC} = A_{ATC} + A_{COT} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AT \cdot AC \cdot \sin \angle A + \frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \cos \angle B

6. Compare the areas:
- To show that AATOC=ABTOCA_{ATOC} = A_{BTOC}, we need to show:
12ATACsinA+12CTOCcosB=12BTBCsinB+12CTOCcosB \frac{1}{2} \cdot AT \cdot AC \cdot \sin \angle A + \frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \cos \angle B = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BT \cdot BC \cdot \sin \angle B + \frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \cos \angle B
- Since the term 12CTOCcosB\frac{1}{2} \cdot CT \cdot OC \cdot \cos \angle B is common on both sides, we need to show:
12ATACsinA=12BTBCsinB \frac{1}{2} \cdot AT \cdot AC \cdot \sin \angle A = \frac{1}{2} \cdot BT \cdot BC \cdot \sin \angle B

7. **Use the fact that AT=BTAT = BT**:
- Since TT is the foot of the altitude from CC, AT=BTAT = BT.
- Therefore, we need to show:
ACsinA=BCsinB AC \cdot \sin \angle A = BC \cdot \sin \angle B

8. Use the Law of Sines:
- By the Law of Sines in ABC\triangle ABC:
ACsinB=BCsinA \frac{AC}{\sin \angle B} = \frac{BC}{\sin \angle A}
- Rearranging, we get:
ACsinA=BCsinB AC \cdot \sin \angle A = BC \cdot \sin \angle B

9. Conclusion:
- Since ACsinA=BCsinBAC \cdot \sin \angle A = BC \cdot \sin \angle B, we have:
AATOC=ABTOC A_{ATOC} = A_{BTOC}
- Therefore, the areas of quadrilaterals ATOCATOC and BTOCBTOC are equal.

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.