Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 19 of 300 #1419 of 2000

Problem 1419

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.0 Find the answer

The diagonals of convex quadrilateral BSCTBSCT meet at the midpoint MM of ST\overline{ST}. Lines BTBT and SCSC meet at AA, and AB=91AB = 91, BC=98BC = 98, CA=105CA = 105. Given that AMBC\overline{AM} \perp \overline{BC}, find the positive difference between the areas of SMC\triangle SMC and BMT\triangle BMT.

[i]Proposed by Evan Chen[/i]

Official solution

1. Identify the given information and setup the problem:
- The diagonals of convex quadrilateral BSCT BSCT meet at the midpoint M M of ST \overline{ST} .
- Lines BT BT and SC SC meet at A A .
- Given lengths: AB=91 AB = 91 , BC=98 BC = 98 , CA=105 CA = 105 .
- AMBC \overline{AM} \perp \overline{BC} .

2. **Determine the lengths BM BM and MC MC :**
- Since M M is the midpoint of ST \overline{ST} and AMBC \overline{AM} \perp \overline{BC} , we can use the fact that ABM \triangle ABM and AMC \triangle AMC are right triangles.
- Using the Pythagorean theorem in ABM \triangle ABM :
AB2=AM2+BM2    912=AM2+BM2 AB^2 = AM^2 + BM^2 \implies 91^2 = AM^2 + BM^2
- Using the Pythagorean theorem in AMC \triangle AMC :
AC2=AM2+MC2    1052=AM2+MC2 AC^2 = AM^2 + MC^2 \implies 105^2 = AM^2 + MC^2
- Subtract the first equation from the second:
1052912=MC2BM2 105^2 - 91^2 = MC^2 - BM^2
- Simplify:
(10591)(105+91)=MC2BM2    14×196=MC2BM2    2744=MC2BM2 (105 - 91)(105 + 91) = MC^2 - BM^2 \implies 14 \times 196 = MC^2 - BM^2 \implies 2744 = MC^2 - BM^2
- Let BM=x BM = x and MC=y MC = y . Then:
y2x2=2744 y^2 - x^2 = 2744
- Also, from the Pythagorean theorem:
912=AM2+x2and1052=AM2+y2 91^2 = AM^2 + x^2 \quad \text{and} \quad 105^2 = AM^2 + y^2
- Subtracting these:
1052912=y2x2    2744=y2x2 105^2 - 91^2 = y^2 - x^2 \implies 2744 = y^2 - x^2
- Solving for x x and y y :
x=35andy=63 x = 35 \quad \text{and} \quad y = 63

3. **Construct parallelogram BSXT BSXT :**
- Since BX BX bisects ST ST , X X is on BC BC and MX=35 MX = 35 , implying XC=28 XC = 28 .

4. **Calculate the areas of SMC \triangle SMC and BMT \triangle BMT :**
- Notice that [SMC][BMT]=[SXC]+[SMX][BMT]=[SXC] [SMC] - [BMT] = [SXC] + [SMX] - [BMT] = [SXC] , because BSXT BSXT is a parallelogram.
- Since BTAB BT \parallel AB and BTSX BT \parallel SX , ABSX AB \parallel SX and ABCSXC \triangle ABC \sim \triangle SXC .
- Therefore, SX=26 SX = 26 and SC=30 SC = 30 .

5. **Calculate the area of SXC \triangle SXC :**
- Using the similarity ratio:
SXAB=SCAC    2691=30105 \frac{SX}{AB} = \frac{SC}{AC} \implies \frac{26}{91} = \frac{30}{105}
- The area of ABC \triangle ABC is:
Area=12×AB×BC×sin(ABC) \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times AB \times BC \times \sin(\angle ABC)
- Since ABCSXC \triangle ABC \sim \triangle SXC , the area ratio is:
(2691)2=[SXC][ABC] \left(\frac{26}{91}\right)^2 = \frac{[SXC]}{[ABC]}
- Calculate the area of ABC \triangle ABC :
[ABC]=12×91×98×sin(ABC) [ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \times 91 \times 98 \times \sin(\angle ABC)
- Using the similarity ratio:
[SXC]=(2691)2×[ABC]=(2691)2×12×91×98×sin(ABC) [SXC] = \left(\frac{26}{91}\right)^2 \times [ABC] = \left(\frac{26}{91}\right)^2 \times \frac{1}{2} \times 91 \times 98 \times \sin(\angle ABC)
- Simplify:
[SXC]=(2691)2×91×98×sin(ABC)=336 [SXC] = \left(\frac{26}{91}\right)^2 \times 91 \times 98 \times \sin(\angle ABC) = 336

The final answer is 336 \boxed{336} .

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.