Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 328 of 400 #928 of 2000

Problem 928

AIME late
Geometry Difficulty 5.8 Prove it

2. As shown in Figure 1, let A,B,D,E,F,CA, B, D, E, F, C be six points on a circle in that order, satisfying AB=ACA B=A C. Line ADA D intersects BEB E at point PP, line AFA F intersects CEC E at point RR, line BFB F intersects CDC D at point QQ, line ADA D intersects BFB F at point SS, and line AFA F intersects CDC D at point TT. Point KK lies on segment STS T such that SKQ=ACE\angle S K Q=\angle A C E. Prove: SKKT=PQQR\frac{S K}{K T}=\frac{P Q}{Q R}.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, read the official solution, then mark yourself honestly — the ladder only means something if the record is true.

Official solution

2. As shown in Figure 2, connect BCB C, RPR P, and DFD F.
From AB=ACA B=A C, we know ADC=AFB\angle A D C=\angle A F B.
Therefore, SS, DD, FF, and TT are concyclic.
Thus, QSK=TDF=RAC\angle Q S K=\angle T D F=\angle R A C.
Combining SKQ=ACE\angle S K Q=\angle A C E, we get
QSKRAC\triangle Q S K \backsim \triangle R A C.
Similarly, QTKPAB\triangle Q T K \backsim \triangle P A B.
Hence, SKKQ=ACCR\frac{S K}{K Q}=\frac{A C}{C R}, KQKT=BPBA\frac{K Q}{K T}=\frac{B P}{B A}.
Therefore, SKKT=SKKQKQKT=ACCRBPBA=BPCR\frac{S K}{K T}=\frac{S K}{K Q} \cdot \frac{K Q}{K T}=\frac{A C}{C R} \cdot \frac{B P}{B A}=\frac{B P}{C R}.
By Pascal's theorem, PP, QQ, and RR are collinear.
Let point JJ be on the ray CDC D such that BCJBAP\triangle B C J \backsim \triangle B A P, and connect PJP J.
 From BPBJ=ABCB, and ABC=PBAPBC=JBCPBC=JBP, \begin{array}{l} \text { From } \frac{B P}{B J}=\frac{A B}{C B}, \text { and } \\ \angle A B C=\angle P B A-\angle P B C \\ =\angle J B C-\angle P B C=\angle J B P, \end{array}

we get BPJBAC\triangle B P J \backsim \triangle B A C.
Combining AB=ACA B=A C, we know PB=PJP B=P J.
Also, DPE=BPA=BJC\angle D P E=\angle B P A=\angle B J C, so BB, JJ, DD, and PP are concyclic.
Thus, PJQ=DBE=DCE\angle P J Q=\angle D B E=\angle D C E.
Therefore, PJCRP J \parallel C R.
Hence, BPCR=PJCR=PQQR\frac{B P}{C R}=\frac{P J}{C R}=\frac{P Q}{Q R}.
From equations (1) and (2), the proposition is established.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.