320. Prove that it is impossible to place three arcs of great circles, each long, on a sphere such that no two of them have any points in common.
Problem 996
Official solution
320. Suppose the opposite. Let the planes in which the arcs are located intersect pairwise on the surface of the sphere at points and and and (Fig. 65). Since each arc is greater than , it must contain at least one of any two opposite points of the circle on which it is located.
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Fig. 65. Let us label these arcs according to the planes in which they are located as I, II, III. and are the points of intersection of planes I and II, and are the points of intersection of planes II and III, and and are the points of intersection of planes III and I. Each of the points must belong to one arc. Suppose and belong to arc I, belongs to arc II. Then and must belong to arc III, and must belong to arc II. Let be the plane angles of the trihedral angles as shown in the figure, and be the center of the sphere. Since arc I does not contain points and , the inequality must hold.
Similarly, since arc II does not contain points and , it must be , and finally, for arc III, we have . Thus, , , and . Therefore, , which is impossible.