Let be the set Let be the number of sets of two non-empty disjoint subsets of . (Disjoint sets are defined as sets that have no common elements.) Find the remainder obtained when is divided by .
Problem 162
Official solution
Let the two disjoint subsets be and , and let . For each , either , , or . So there are ways to organize the elements of into disjoint , , and .
However, there are ways to organize the elements of such that and , and there are ways to organize the elements of such that and .
But, the combination such that and is counted twice.
Thus, there are ordered pairs of sets . But since the question asks for the number of unordered sets , .