Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 4 / 297 of 340 #557 of 2000

Problem 557

AMC 12 late, AIME early
Number theory Difficulty 5.0 Find the answer

53rd Putnam 1992 Problem A3 Find all positive integers a, b, m, n with m relatively prime to n such that (a 2 + b 2 ) m = (ab) n . Solution

Official solution

: a, b, m, n = 2 r , 2 r , 2r, 2r+1 for any positive integer r. a 2 + b 2 ≥ 2ab > ab, so m 1, so d divides (A 2 + B 2 ) m = 2 m . So d is a power of 2. Hence a = b = 2 r for some r. So (2r+1)m = 2r n. But 2r+1 and 2r are coprime, so m = M·2r, n = N·(2r+1). Hence M = N. But m and n are coprime, so M = N = 1. 53rd Putnam 1992 © John Scholes [email protected] 7 Jan 2001

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