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Algebra Difficulty 3.1 AMC 10/12 Prove it Canada

IMG0 What is the smallest positive integer
nn for which 9876543n\dfrac{9 \cdot 8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6 \cdot 5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3}{n} is equal to k3k^3 for some integer kk?Figure 1 What is the ordered pair (a,b)(a,b) that satisfies both of the equations 3a+b=273^{a+b} = 27 and ab=5a-b = -5?Figure 2 For some real number cc, the parabola with equation y=x2+7x+cy = -x^2 + 7x + c intersects the xx-axis at points P(10,0)P(10, 0) and QQ. If the parabola intersects the yy-axis at RR, determine the area of PQR\triangle PQR.

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Solution

Using the prime factorization of each of the factors of the
numerator, we see that 9876543=32237(23)5223=263457\begin{align*} 9 \cdot 8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6 \cdot 5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3 & = 3^2 \cdot 2^3 \cdot 7 \cdot (2 \cdot 3) \cdot 5 \cdot 2^2 \cdot 3 \\ & = 2^6 \cdot 3^4 \cdot 5 \cdot 7\end{align*} To find the smallest positive integer nn for which 2 6\text{2 6} 3^4 5\cdot 5 \cdot
7}{n} is a perfect cube, we look for the minimal set of prime divisors that we can remove (that is, divide out) from the numerator so that the number of times that each remaining prime occurs is a multiple of

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Figure for this problem3. This is because one way of characterizing a perfect cube is that each of its prime factors occurs in groups of

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Figure for this problem3.Todothis,weneedtoremoveatleast. To do this, we need to remove at least 1factorof factor of 3,atleast, at least 1factorof factor of 5,andatleast, and at least 1factorof factor of 5.Thismeansthat. This means that n 35\geq 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 7.If. If n = 353\cdot 5 \cdot 7 = 105,then, then 9876543n=2633=(223)3\dfrac{9 \cdot 8 \cdot 7 \cdot 6 \cdot 5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3}{n} = 2^6 \cdot 3^3 = (2^2 \cdot 3)^3Since Since n \geq 105and and n=105 gives a perfect cube, then the smallest possible

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Figure for this problemnis is n = 105.Since. Since 3^{a+b} = 27and and 3^3 = 27,then, then a + b = 3.Adding. Adding a+b=3totheequation to the equation a - b = -5,weobtain, we obtain 2a = -2andso and so a = -1.Since. Since b = 3 - a,then, then b = 4andso and so (a, b) = (-1, 4).Since. Since P(10, 0) lies on the parabola with equation

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Figure for this problemy = -x^2 + 7x +
c,then, then 0 = -100 + 70 + candso and so c = 30. Thus, the parabola has equation

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Figure for this problemy = -x^2 +
7x + 30whichcanbefactoredtoobtain which can be factored to obtain y = -(x-10)(x+3).Since. Since Qistheother is the other xinterceptoftheparabola,then-intercept of the parabola, then Qhascoordinates has coordinates (-3, 0).Since. Since R is the point where the parabola crosses the

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Figure for this problemyaxis,weset-axis, we set x = 0andobtain and obtain y = 30. Thus, we want to find the area of the triangle with vertices

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Figure for this problemP(10, 0),, Q(-3, 0)and and R(0, 30).Wenotethat. We note that PQ is horizontal so can be treated as the base of the triangle. Also,

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Figure for this problemPQ = 10 - (-3) = 13.Point. Point Ris is 30unitsabove units above PQ, so the height of the triangle relative to base

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Figure for this problemPQis is 30.Therefore,theareaof. Therefore, the area of \triangle
PQRis is 1213\frac{1}{2} \cdot 13 \cdot 30 = 195$.

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