If a line segment is drawn from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of a chord, it is perpendicular to that chord. For example, in Figure 1, OM is perpendicular to chord AB.
If a line segment is drawn from the centre of a circle and is perpendicular to a chord, it passes through the midpoint of that chord. For example, in Figure 2, PR=QR.
In the diagram, a circle with radius 13 has a chord AB with length 10.
If M is the midpoint of AB, what is the length of OM?
In a circle with radius 25, a chord is drawn so that its perpendicular distance from the centre of the circle is 7. What is the length of this chord? In the diagram, the radius of the circle is 65. Two parallel chords ST and UV are drawn so that the perpendicular distance between the chords is 72 (MN=72).
If MN passes through the centre of the circle O, and ST has length 112, determine the length of UV.
Solution
Since M is the midpoint of chord AB, then AM=21(AB)=5.
Also, since M is the midpoint of chord AB, then OM is perpendicular to AB. Using the Pythagorean Theorem in △OMA, we get OM2=OA2−AM2or OM2=132−52=169−25=144, and so OM=144=12 (since OM>0). Let the circle have centre O and chord PQ, as shown.
Since the radius is 25, then OQ=25.
The perpendicular distance from O to the chord is given by OR, and so OR=7. In △ORQ, the Pythagorean Theorem gives RQ2=OQ2−OR2 or RQ2=252−72=625−49=576, and so RQ=576=24 (since RQ>0).
[[IMAGE0]]
Since OR is perpendicular to the chord PQ, then R is the midpoint of PQ, and so PQ=2(RQ)=2(24)=48. Therefore, the length of the chord is 48. Join O to S and O to U, as shown.
The radius of the circle is 65, and so OS=OU=65.
Since OM is perpendicular to chord ST, then M is the midpoint of the chord and so MS=21(ST)=21(112)=56.
In △OMS, the Pythagorean Theorem gives OM2=OS2−MS2 or OM2=652−562=4225−3136=1089, and so OM=1089=33 (since OM>0).
Since MN=OM+ON=72, then ON=72−OM=72−33=39. In △ONU, the Pythagorean Theorem gives NU2=OU2−ON2
[[IMAGE1]]
or NU2=652−392=4225−1521=2704, and so NU=2704=52 (since NU>0). Finally, since ON is perpendicular to chord UV, then N is the midpoint of the chord and so UV=2(NU)=2(52)=104.
Therefore, the length of the chord UV is 104.
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