Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2014

Geometry Difficulty 2.1 Junior Prove it Canada

The semi-circular region shown has radius 10.

What is the perimeter of the region?

The parabola with equation y=10(x+2)(x5)y=10(x+2)(x-5) intersects the xx-axis at points PP and QQ. What is the length of line segment PQPQ?
The line with equation y=2xy=2x intersects the line segment joining C(0,60)C(0,60) and D(30,0)D(30,0) at the point EE. Determine the coordinates of EE.

Solution

The perimeter of the region includes the diameter and the semi-circle.

Since the radius of the region is 10, then the length of its diameter is 20.

Since the radius of the region is 10, then the circumference of an entire circle with this radius is 2π(10)=20π2\pi(10) = 20\pi, so the arc length of the semi-circle is one-half of 20π20\pi, or 10π10\pi.

Therefore, the perimeter of the region is 10π+2010\pi + 20.
The xx-intercepts of the parabola with equation y=10(x+2)(x5)y=10(x+2)(x-5) are 2-2 and 55.

Since the line segment, PQPQ, joining these points is horizontal, then its length is the difference in the intercepts, or 5(2)=75-(-2)=7.
The slope of the line joining the points C(0,60)C(0,60) and D(30,0)D(30,0) is 600030=6030=2\dfrac{60-0}{0-30}=\dfrac{60}{-30}=-2.

Since this line passes through C(0,60)C(0,60), then the yy-intercept of the line is 60, and so an equation of the line is y=2x+60y=-2x+60.

We thus want to find the point of intersection, EE, between the lines with equations y=2x+60y=-2x+60 and y=2xy=2x.

Equating yy-coordinates, we obtain 2x+60=2x-2x+60=2x or 4x=604x=60, and so x=15x=15.

Substituting x=15x=15 into the equation y=2xy=2x, we obtain y=2(15)=30y=2(15)=30.

Therefore, the coordinates of EE are (15,30)(15,30).

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.