Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 4.8 AIME Find the answer Canada

The smallest of nine consecutive integers is 20122012. These nine integers are placed in the circles below. The sum of the three integers along each of the four lines is the same.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

If we have a configuration of the numbers that has the required property, then we can add or subtract the same number from each of the numbers in the circles and maintain the property. (This is because there are the same number of circles in each line.)

Therefore, we can subtract 2012 from all of the numbers and try to complete the diagram using the integers from 0 to 8.

We label the circles as shown in the diagram, and call SS the sum of the three integers along any one of the lines.

[[IMAGE0]]

Since p,q,r,t,u,w,x,y,zp,q,r,t,u,w,x,y,z are 0 through 8 in some order, then p+q+r+t+u+w+x+y+z=0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8=36p+q+r+t+u+w+x+y+z=0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8 = 36 From the desired property, we want S=p+q+r=r+t+u=u+w+x=x+y+zS = p+q+r=r+t+u=u+w+x=x+y+z.

Therefore, (p+q+r)+(r+t+u)+(u+w+x)+(x+y+z)=4S(p+q+r)+(r+t+u)+(u+w+x)+(x+y+z)= 4S.

From this, (p+q+r+t+u+w+x+y+z)+r+u+x=4S(p+q+r+t+u+w+x+y+z)+r+u+x=4S or r+u+x=4S36=4(S9)r+u+x=4S-36=4(S-9).

We note that the right side is an integer that is divisible by 4.

Also, we want SS to be as small as possible so we want the sum r+u+xr+u+x to be as small as possible.

Since r+u+xr+u+x is a positive integer that is divisible by 4, then the smallest that it can be is r+u+x=4r+u+x=4.

If r+u+x=4r+u+x=4, then rr, uu and xx must be 0, 1 and 3 in some order since each of rr, uu and xx is a different integer between 0 and 8.

In this case, 4=4S364 = 4S-36 and so S=10S=10.

Since S=10S=10, then we cannot have rr and uu or uu and xx equal to 0 and 1 in some order, or else the third number in the line would have to be 9, which is not possible.

This tells us that uu must be 3, and rr and xx are 0 and 1 in some order.

Here is a configuration that works:

[[IMAGE1]]

Therefore, the value of uu in the original configuration is 3+2012=20153+2012=2015.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.