Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /422 of 488

, 2015

Combinatorics Difficulty 2.7 Junior Find the answer Canada

André has an unlimited supply of $1 coins, $2 coins, and $5 bills. Using only these coins and bills and not necessarily using some of each kind, in how many different ways can he form exactly $10?

Pick one

Solution

Since $10=2$5\$10 = 2\cdot \$5, then $10 can be formed using 0, 1 or 2 $5 bills and cannot be formed using more than 2 $5 bills.

Using 2 $5 bills, we obtain $10 exactly. There is no choice in this case, and so this gives exactly 1 way to make $10.

Using 1 $5 bill, we need an additional $5.

Since 5 is odd and any amount of dollars made up using $2 coins will be even, we need an odd number of $1 coins to make up the difference.

We can use 5 $1 coins and 0 $2 coins, or 3 $1 coins and 1 $2 coin, or 1 $1 coin and 2 $2 coins to obtain $5.

This is 3 more ways.

Using 0 $5 bills, we need an additional $10.

Since 10 is even and any amount of dollars made up using $2 coins will be even, we need an even number of $1 coins to make up the difference.

The numbers of $1 coins and $2 coins that we can use are 10 and 0, 8 and 1, 6 and 2, 4 and 3, 2 and 4, or 0 and 5.

This is 6 more ways.

In total, there are 1+3+6=101+3+6=10 ways in which André can make $10.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.