Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 3.8 AMC 10/12 Find the answer Canada

Suppose that xx and yy are real numbers that satisfy the two equations: x2+3xy+y2=9093x2+xy+3y2=1287\begin{aligned} x^2+3xy+y^2 & =909 \\ 3x^2+xy+3y^2 & = 1287\end{aligned} What is a possible value for x+yx+y?

2727
3939
2929
9292
4141

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Since x2+3xy+y2=909x^2+3xy+y^2 = 909 and 3x2+xy+3y2=12873x^2+xy+3y^2=1287, then (x2+3xy+y2)+(3x2+xy+3y2)=909+12874x2+4xy+4y2=2196x2+xy+y2=549\begin{aligned} (x^2+3xy+y^2)+(3x^2+xy+3y^2) & = 909 + 1287 \\ 4x^2 + 4xy + 4y^2 & = 2196 \\ x^2 + xy + y^2 & = 549\end{aligned} Since x2+3xy+y2=909x^2+3xy+y^2 = 909 and x2+xy+y2=549x^2 + xy + y^2 = 549, then (x2+3xy+y2)(x2+xy+y2)=9095492xy=360xy=180\begin{aligned} (x^2+3xy+y^2) - (x^2 + xy + y^2) & = 909 - 549 \\ 2xy & = 360 \\ xy & = 180\end{aligned} Since x2+3xy+y2=909x^2 + 3xy + y^2 = 909 and xy=180xy = 180, then (x2+3xy+y2)xy=909180x2+2xy+y2=729(x+y)2=272\begin{aligned} (x^2 + 3xy + y^2) - xy & = 909 - 180 \\ x^2 + 2xy + y^2 & = 729 \\ (x+y)^2 & = 27^2\end{aligned} Therefore, x+y=27x+y = 27 or x+y=27x+y = -27. This also shows that x+yx+y cannot equal any of 39, 29, 92, and 41.
(We can in fact solve the system of equations x+y=27x+y = 27 and xy=180xy = 180 for xx and yy to show that there do exist real numbers xx and yy that are solutions to the original system of equations.)
Therefore, a possible value for x+yx+y is (A) 27.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.