Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 2.1 Junior Prove it Canada

The graph of the equation y=r(x3)(xr)y = r(x-3)(x-r) intersects the yy-axis at (0,48)(0,48). What are the two possible values
of rr?
A bicycle costs $B\$B before taxes. If the sales tax were
13%13\%, Annemiek would pay a total
that is $24\$24 higher than if the
sales tax were 5%5\%. What is the
value of BB?
The function ff has the following three properties:

f(1)=3f(1) = 3.
f(2n)=(f(n))2f(2n) = (f(n))^2 for all
positive integers nn.
f(2m+1)=3f(2m)f(2m+1) = 3f(2m) for all
positive integers mm.

Determine the value of f(2)+f(3)+f(4)f(2)+f(3)+f(4).

Solution

Since ABD\triangle ABD is
right-angled at BB and has ADB=45°\angle ADB = 45\degree, then BAD=45°\angle BAD = 45\degree.

Similarly, CPD\triangle CPD is
right-angled and isosceles with $\$\angle PCD =
45°$.45\degree\$.

Further, APN\triangle APN and CBN\triangle CBN are also both right-angled
and isosceles.

Since CB=6CB = 6 and NB=CBNB = CB, then NB=6NB = 6.

Since AB=12AB = 12 and NB=6NB = 6, then AN=ABNB=6AN = AB - NB = 6.

[[IMAGE0]]

Since APN\triangle APN is
right-angled and isosceles, then its sides are in the ratio 1:1:21:1:\sqrt{2}.

Thus, $AP = PN = 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} AN =
62=32$.\frac{6}{\sqrt{2}} = 3\sqrt{2}\$.

Alternatively, if AP=PN=xAP = PN = x, then
the Pythagorean Theorem gives $AN^2 = AP^2 +
PN^2andso and so 6^2 = 2x^2$
which gives AP2=x2=18AP^2 = x^2 = 18.

Thus, the area of APN\triangle APN is
$12AP\$\frac{1}{2} \cdot AP \cdot PN = 123232\frac{1}{2} \cdot 3\sqrt{2} \cdot 3\sqrt{2} = 9$.
The line with equation $y = -3x +
6has has yintercept-intercept 6,whichmeansthat, which means that OB = 6$.

To find the xx-intercept of this
line, we set y=0y = 0 and obtain the
equation 3x+6=0-3x + 6 = 0 which gives
3x=63x = 6 or x=2x = 2. This means that OA=2OA = 2.

Since ABO\triangle ABO is right-angled
at OO, its area is $12OB\$\frac{1}{2} \cdot OB \cdot OA = 126\frac{1}{2} \cdot 6 \cdot 2 = 6$.

Since the area of ACD\triangle ACD is
12\frac{1}{2} of the area of ABO\triangle ABO, then the area of ACD\triangle ACD is 33.

Next, we note that the line with equation $y
= mx + 1has has y$-intercept
11; thus, OD=1OD = 1.

This means that the area of $\$\triangle
ADOis is 12OD\frac{1}{2} \cdot OD \cdot
OA = 121\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 \cdot 2 = 1$.

We can determine the area of $\$\triangle
BCDbysubtractingtheareasof by subtracting the areas of \triangle ACDand and \triangle ADOfromthatof from that of \triangle ABO$, which tells us that the
area of BCD\triangle BCD is 631=26 - 3 - 1 = 2.

[[IMAGE1]]

Now, we can consider BDBD, which
has length 61=56 - 1 = 5, as the base
of BCD\triangle BCD; the corresponding
height of BCD\triangle BCD is the
distance from CC to the yy-axis, which we call hh.

Thus, $125\$\frac{1}{2} \cdot 5 \cdot h =
2andso and so h =
45$.\frac{4}{5}\$.

This means that CC has xx-coordinate 45\frac{4}{5}.

Since CC is on the line with
equation y=3x+6y = -3x + 6, we have $y = -3 45\cdot \frac{4}{5} + 6 =
185$.\frac{18}{5}\$.

Therefore, the coordinates of CC are
(45,185)(\frac{4}{5},\frac{18}{5}).

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.