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Number theory Difficulty 3.1 AMC 10/12 Prove it Canada

For a positive 3-digit integer nn, f(n)f(n) is equal to the sum of nn and the digits of nn. For example, f(351)=351+3+5+1=360f(351)=351+3+5+1=360. Note: The decimal representation of the 3-digit number abcabc is a102+b10+ca\cdot10^2+b\cdot10+c. For example, 836=8102+310+6836=8\cdot 10^2+3\cdot 10+6.Figure 0 What is the value of f(132)f(132)?Figure 1 If f(n)=175f(n)=175, what is the value of nn?Figure 2 If f(n)=204f(n)=204, determine all possible values of nn.

Solution

Evaluating, we get f(132)=132+1+3+2=138f(132)=132+1+3+2=138. Suppose that nn is equal to the 3-digit positive integer abcabc. Then f(n)=f(abc)=100a+10b+c+a+b+c=101a+11b+2cf(n)=f(abc)=100a+10b+c+a+b+c=101a+11b+2c. Since f(n)=175f(n)=175, then 101a+11b+2c=175101a+11b+2c=175. It cannot be the case that $a \geq
2,sinceifwehad, since if we had a \geq 2,then, then 101a \geq 202 which is too large, noting that

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problem11b+2cisalwaysatleast is always at least 0.Therefore,. Therefore, a < 2whichmeansthat which means that a = 1.When. When a = 1,weget, we get 101+11b+2c=175or or 11b+2c=74.Itcannotbethecasethat. It cannot be the case that b \geq
7,sinceifwehad, since if we had b \geq 7,then, then 11b \geq 77 which is too large, noting that

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problem2cisalwaysatleast is always at least 0.Therefore,. Therefore, b < 7.If. If b=6,then, then 66+2c=74or or 2c=8,andso, and so c=4.If. If b5b\leq5,then, then 11b5511b\leq55,andso, and so 2c7455=192c\geq74-55=19,whichisnotpossiblesince, which is not possible since c9c\leq9.Wecanconfirmthat. We can confirm that f(164)=164+1+6+4=175,andso, and so n=164.Supposethat. Suppose that nisequaltothe3digitpositiveinteger is equal to the 3-digit positive integer pqr.Then. Then f(pqr)=100p+10q+r+p+q+r,andso, and so 101p+11q+2r=204.If. If p3p\geq3,then, then 101p303101p\geq303,andso, and so p=1or or p=2.If. If p=1,then, then 101+11q+2r=204or or 11q+2r=103.Since. Since r \leq 9,then, then 2r \leq 18andso and so 11q \geq 103 - 18 = 85.Therefore,. Therefore, q=8or or q=9.If. If q=8,then, then 88+2r=103or or 2r=15,whichisnotpossiblesince, which is not possible since risaninteger.If is an integer. If q=9,then, then 99+2r=103or or 2r=4,andso, and so r=2.Inthiscase,. In this case, n=192andwecanconfirmthat and we can confirm that f(192)=192+1+9+2=204.If. If p=2,then, then 202+11q+2r=204or or 11q+2r=2. The only possible solution to

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problem11q+2r=2is is q=0and and r=1.Inthiscase,. In this case, n=201andwecanconfirmthat and we can confirm that f(201)=201+2+0+1=204.Therefore,if. Therefore, if f(n)=204, then the possible values of

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problem

Figure for this problemnare are 192and and 201$.

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