Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 4.8 AIME Find the answer Canada

In the diagram, a figure is drawn on a 6×86 \times 8 grid using eight semi-circles
whose diameters are ABAB, BCBC, CDCD, DEDE, EFEF, FGFG, GHGH, and HAHA.

Hide/Reveal Description of Diagram for Question 24

Eight semi-circles connect to form a closed shape on a 6×86 \times 8 grid. With the bottom left
corner of the grid having coordinates (0,0)(0,0). the coordinates of the end points
of the eight diameters are as follows:

A(1,4)A(1,4) and B(3,5)B(3,5)
B(3,5)B(3,5) and C(5,5)C(5,5)
C(5,5)C(5,5) and D(7,4)D(7,4)
D(7,4)D(7,4) and E(7,2)E(7,2)
E(7,2)E(7,2) and F(5,2)F(5,2)
F(5,2)F(5,2) and G(3,2)G(3,2)
G(3,2)G(3,2) and H(1,2)H(1,2)
H(1,2)H(1,2) and A(1,4)A(1,4)

Suppose that the area of the figure is xx and that yy is the closest integer to 100x100x. What is the sum of the digits of
yy?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Draw line segments from AA to
BB, BB to CC, CC
to DD, DD to EE, EE
to FF, FF to GG, GG
to HH, and HH to AA, as shown.

[[IMAGE0]]

The line segments BCBC, DEDE, EFEF, FGFG, GHGH, and HAHA each have a length of 22 units.

Hence, the radii of the semicircles with these diameters are all 11, and the areas of the circles with
these diameters are all 12π(1)2=π2\dfrac{1}{2}\pi(1)^2=\dfrac{\pi}{2}.

The line segment ABAB is the
hypotenuse of a triangle with legs of length 11 and 22.

By the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of ABAB is 12+22=5\sqrt{1^2+2^2}=\sqrt{5}.

The radius of the semicircle with diameter ABAB is 52\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}, so its area is 12π(52)2=5π8\dfrac{1}{2}\pi\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{5\pi}{8}.

By similar reasoning, the area of the semicircle with diameter CDCD is also 5π8\dfrac{5\pi}{8}.

The area of the figure can be computed as the area of hexagon ABCDEHABCDEH plus the areas of the semicircles
with diameters ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, and GHGH, minus the areas of the semicircles
with diameters BCBC, DEDE, FGFG, and AHAH.

We have already computed the areas of the semicircles, so we now need to
compute the area of hexagon ABCDEHABCDEH.

This hexagon can be viewed as a $3×\$3\times
6$ rectangle with two “corners” removed. These “corners” are
right-angled triangles with hypotenuses ABAB and CDCD.

The legs of these two triangles have length 11 and 22, so their areas are each 12×1×2=1\dfrac{1}{2}\times1\times2=1.

Thus, the area of hexagon ABCDEHABCDEH is
3×62×1=163\times 6-2\times 1=16.

Using the areas of the semicircles computed earlier, we can now compute
the area of the figure as 16+5π8+5π8+π2+π2π2π2π2π2=16+π416.7853916 +\frac{5\pi}{8} + \frac{5\pi}{8} + \frac{\pi}{2} + \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2}=16+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\approx 16.78539 Thus, x16.78539x\approx 16.78539, so 100x1678.539100x\approx 1678.539. Rounding to the
nearest integer, we get y=1679y=1679, so
the answer is 1+6+7+9=231+6+7+9=23.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.