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KöMaL problem A, 2025

Combinatorics Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Find the answer Hungary

In a room, there are nn lights numbered with positive integers 11, 22, …\ldots, nn. At the beginning of the game subsets S1S_1, S2S_2, …\ldots, SkS_k of {1,2,…,n}\{1,2,\ldots,n\} can be chosen. For every integer 1≤i≤k1\leq i\leq k, there is a button that turns on the lights corresponding to the elements of SiS_i and also a button that turns off all the lights corresponding to the elements of SiS_i. For any positive integer nn, determine the smallest kk for which it is possible to choose the sets S1S_1, S2S_2, …\ldots, SnS_n in such a way that allows any combination of the nn lights to be turned on, starting from the state where all the lights are off.

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