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Algebra Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it Belarus

Prove that for all even positive integers nn the following inequality holds
a){n6}>1n;b){n6}>1n1/(5n). a) \{n\sqrt{6}\} > \frac{1}{n}; \quad b) \{n\sqrt{6}\} > \frac{1}{n - 1/(5n)}.

Solution

Let m=[n6]m = [n\sqrt{6}]. Then n6>mn\sqrt{6} > m, or 6n2m2>06n^2 - m^2 > 0. Note that 6n2m216n^2 - m^2 \ne 1 or 4(mod3)4 \pmod{3}, 6n2m22(mod4)6n^2 - m^2 \ne 2 \pmod{4} (recall that nn is even), 6n2m23(mod9)6n^2 - m^2 \neq 3 \pmod{9}, so 6n2m256n^2 - m^2 \geq 5. Now we have
{n6}=n6m=6n2m2n6+m5n6+m>52n6>1n, \{n\sqrt{6}\} = n\sqrt{6} - m = \frac{6n^2 - m^2}{n\sqrt{6} + m} \geq \frac{5}{n\sqrt{6} + m} > \frac{5}{2n\sqrt{6}} > \frac{1}{n},
thus a) is proved. In particular, m<n61nm < n\sqrt{6} - \frac{1}{n}, so
{n6}5n6+m>52n61/6>1n15n, \{n\sqrt{6}\} \geq \frac{5}{n\sqrt{6} + m} > \frac{5}{2n\sqrt{6} - 1/6} > \frac{1}{n - \frac{1}{5n}},
thus b) is proved.

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