Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National olympiad Prove it Vietnam

In plane, let be given two fixed circles (O1) (O_1) and (O2) (O_2) touching each other at M M , the radius of (O2) (O_2) is greater than that of (O1) (O_1) . A A is the point on (O2) (O_2) such that the points O1 O_1 , O2 O_2 , A A are not collinear. Let AB AB and AC AC be the tangents to (O1) (O_1) with touching points B B and C C . The lines MB MB and MC MC cut again (O2) (O_2) respectively at E E and F F . Let D D be the point of intersection of the line EF EF and tangent to (O2) (O_2) at A A . Prove that D D moves on a fixed line when A A moves on (O2) (O_2) so that the three points O1 O_1 , O2 O_2 , A A are not collinear.

Solution

We consider two cases:

* First case: The circles (O1),(O2) (O_1), (O_2) touch each other externally at M M .
Let xy xy be the common tangent at M M of (O1),(O2) (O_1), (O_2) . Since CA CA and My My are tangents to (O1) (O_1) at C C and M M , we have FCA=CMy \angle FCA = \angle CMy . But CMy=FMx \angle CMy = \angle FMx , hence FCA=FMx \angle FCA = \angle FMx . As FMx=FAM \angle FMx = \angle FAM it follows that FCA=FAM \angle FCA = \angle FAM .
The triangles MFA MFA and AFC AFC have: MFA=AFC \angle MFA = \angle AFC and FAM=FCA \angle FAM = \angle FCA , so they are similar. Therefore MFFA=AFFC \frac{MF}{FA} = \frac{AF}{FC} t.c. FMFC=FA2 FM \cdot FC = FA^2 . But FMFC=PM(O1) FM \cdot FC = P_M(O_1) (the power of M M with respect to the circle (O1) (O_1) ) =FO12R12 = FO_1^2 - R_1^2 , where R1 R_1 is the radius of (O1) (O_1) , it follows that FO12FA2=R12 FO_1^2 - FA^2 = R_1^2 . Analogously, we have EO12EA2=R12 EO_1^2 - EA^2 = R_1^2 . So
FO12FA2=EO12EA2=R12. FO_1^2 - FA^2 = EO_1^2 - EA^2 = R_1^2.
As D D lies on the line EF EF , it implies that DO12DA2=R12 DO_1^2 - DA^2 = R_1^2 , i.e.

DO12R12=DA2(1) DO_1^2 - R_1^2 = DA^2 \quad (1)
Since DA DA is the tangent to (O2) (O_2) at A A , DA2=PD/(O2)=DO22R22 DA^2 = PD/(O_2) = DO_2^2 - R_2^2 (2), where R2 R_2 is the radius of (O2) (O_2) .
From (1) and (2), we get DO12R12=DO22R22 DO_1^2 - R_1^2 = DO_2^2 - R_2^2 , or PD/(O1)=PD/(O2) PD/(O_1) = PD/(O_2) . It shows that D D lies on the radical line of (O1) (O_1) and (O2) (O_2) .

* 2<sup>d</sup> case: The circles (O1),(O2) (O_1), (O_2) touch each other internally at M M .
The proof in this case is analogous to the proof in the 1st case.

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