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Indian National Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it India

Problem:
Let ABCABC be a triangle, II its in-centre; A1,B1,C1A_{1}, B_{1}, C_{1} be the reflections of II in BC,CA,ABBC, CA, AB respectively. Suppose the circum-circle of triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1} passes through AA. Prove that B1,C1,I,I1B_{1}, C_{1}, I, I_{1} are concyclic, where I1I_{1} is the in-centre of triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1}.

Solution

Figure 1
Note that IA1=IB1=IC1=2rIA_{1} = IB_{1} = IC_{1} = 2r, where rr is the in-radius of the triangle ABCABC. Hence II is the circum-centre of the triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1}.

Let KK be the point of intersection of IB1IB_{1} and ACAC. Then IK=rIK = r, IA=2rIA = 2r and ∠IKA=90∘\angle IKA = 90^{\circ}. It follows that ∠IAK=30∘\angle IAK = 30^{\circ} and hence ∠IAB1=60∘\angle IAB_{1} = 60^{\circ}. Thus AIB1AIB_{1} is an equilateral triangle. Similarly triangle AIC1AIC_{1} is also equilateral. We hence obtain AB1=AC1=AI=IB1=IC1=2rAB_{1} = AC_{1} = AI = IB_{1} = IC_{1} = 2r.

We also observe that ∠B1IC1=120∘\angle B_{1}IC_{1} = 120^{\circ} and IB1AC1IB_{1}AC_{1} is a rhombus. Thus ∠B1AC1=120∘\angle B_{1}AC_{1} = 120^{\circ} and by concyclicity ∠A1=60∘\angle A_{1} = 60^{\circ}. Since AB1=AC1AB_{1} = AC_{1}, AA is the midpoint of the arc B1AC1B_{1}AC_{1}. It follows that A1AA_{1}A bisects ∠A1\angle A_{1} and I1I_{1} lies on the line A1AA_{1}A. This implies that
∠B1I1C1=90∘+∠A1/2=90∘+30∘=120∘ \angle B_{1}I_{1}C_{1} = 90^{\circ} + \angle A_{1}/2 = 90^{\circ} + 30^{\circ} = 120^{\circ}
Since ∠B1IC1=120∘\angle B_{1}IC_{1} = 120^{\circ}, we conclude that B1,I,I1,C1B_{1}, I, I_{1}, C_{1} are concyclic. (Further AA is the centre.)

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