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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

In triangle ABCABC, altitudes ADAD, BEBE, and CFCF meet at HH. Line EFEF and the perpendicular bisector of HDHD intersect at point PP. Point NN is the center of the nine-point circle of triangle ABCABC. Point LL is on the circumcircle of the triangle such that PLN=90\angle PLN = 90^\circ and points AA, LL are on opposite sides of line PNPN. Prove that the quadrilateral ANDLANDL is cyclic.

Solution

Let BB', CC' be the intersections of the perpendicular bisector of HDHD with BHBH, CHCH respectively.
Figure 1
Denote by MM, MM', M0M_0 the midpoints of BCBC, BCB'C', EFEF, respectively. Since NN is the center of the circle FECBFEC'B', we have
NM0P=NMP=90 \angle NM_0P = \angle NM'P = 90^\circ
Let the intersections of HMHM with the circumcircle of ABCABC be KK, AA' (where AA, AA' are on opposite sides of BCBC). We know that AKM=90\angle AKM = 90^\circ and quadrilateral AEFKAEFK is cyclic. We have
FKE=FAEKEF=KAF=KCB \begin{aligned} \angle FKE &= \angle FAE \\ \angle KEF &= \angle KAF = \angle KCB \end{aligned}
So triangles KBCKBC, KFEKFE are similar, and consequently, we have KM0F=KMB=KMB\angle KM_0F = \angle KMB = \angle KM'B', resulting KM0MPKM_0M'P is cyclic.

Claim 2. If A0A_0 is the intersection of the line through AA parallel to BCBC with the circumcircle, then NN, LL, A0A_0 are collinear.
Proof. Let OO be the circumcenter of ABCABC, and let the intersections of OMOM with the circumcircle be XX, YY (where XX is on the arc of BCBC that contains AA). We know NN is the midpoint of OHOH, thus
NMK=OMK. \angle NM'K = \angle OMK.
On the other side,
XK^2=AK^2+BC2YA^2=BC2OMK=YA^2+XK^2=AK^2+(BC) \begin{aligned} \frac{\widehat{XK}}{2} &= \frac{\widehat{AK}}{2} + \frac{\angle B - \angle C}{2} \\ \frac{\widehat{YA'}}{2} &= \frac{\angle B - \angle C}{2} \\ \angle OMK &= \frac{\widehat{YA'}}{2} + \frac{\widehat{XK}}{2} = \frac{\widehat{AK}}{2} + (\angle B - \angle C) \end{aligned}

Also, since AA02=BC\frac{AA_0}{2} = \angle B - \angle C and KLN=OMK\angle KLN = \angle OMK, then LL, NN, A0A_0 are collinear.
Let HH' be the reflection of HH with respect to BCBC, it follows that this point is on the circumcircle and A0A_0, OO, HH' are collinear. We have ADN=AHA0=ALA0\angle ADN = \angle AH'A_0 = \angle ALA_0, which means ANDLANDL is indeed cyclic and the statement is proved.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.