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Turkey — Team Selection Test

Geometry Difficulty 7.6 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Turkey

In a non-isosceles acute triangle ABCABC, DD is the midpoint of the edge [BC][BC]. The points EE and FF lie on [AC][AC] and [AB][AB], respectively, and the circumcircles of CDECDE and AEFAEF intersect at PP on [AD][AD]. The angle bisector of PP in triangle EFPEFP intersects the line EFEF at QQ. Prove that the tangent line to the circumcircle of AQPAQP at AA is perpendicular to BCBC.

Solution

Since CC, DD, PP, FF are cyclic, we have ∠DPE=180∘−∠C\angle DPE = 180^\circ - \angle C.

Figure 1

As AA, EE, PP, FF are cyclic, we also get ∠FPE=180∘−∠A\angle FPE = 180^\circ - \angle A. Therefore, we have ∠FPD=360∘−(180∘−∠A+180∘−∠C)=180∘−∠B\angle FPD = 360^\circ - (180^\circ - \angle A + 180^\circ - \angle C) = 180^\circ - \angle B and hence, BB, DD, PP, FF are cyclic as well.

Since CC, DD, PP, EE are cyclic, we have PEDC=AEAD\frac{PE}{DC} = \frac{AE}{AD}. Similarly, we have PEAD=ADAE\frac{PE}{AD} = \frac{AD}{AE}. Since BB, DD, PP, FF are cyclic. Thus, as BD=DCBD = DC we obtain PEAD=ADAE\frac{PE}{AD} = \frac{AD}{AE}.

On the other hand, since PQPQ is an angle bisector, we get PEAE=PFQE\frac{PE}{AE} = \frac{PF}{QE}. AFQE=QFQE\frac{AF}{QE} = \frac{QF}{QE} and therefore, AFAE=QFQE\frac{AF}{AE} = \frac{QF}{QE} which implies that AQAQ is the angle bisector of AA in triangle EAFEAF.

Let TT be the intersection of PQPQ and the line perpendicular to BCBC passing through AA. Since ATAT is an altitude and AQAQ is angle bisector in triangle ABCABC, we have ∠TQA=(∠B−∠C)/2\angle TQA = (\angle B - \angle C)/2. By angle chasing we have ∠APE=∠C\angle APE = \angle C and ∠APF=∠B\angle APF = \angle B. As PQPQ is an angle bisector in FPEFPE, we get ∠QPA=(∠B−∠C)/2\angle QPA = (\angle B - \angle C)/2 and hence, we obtain ∠TQA=∠QPA\angle TQA = \angle QPA which implies that ATAT is tangent to the circumcircle of AQPAQP and we are done.

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