Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2023

Geometry Difficulty 7.5 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let ABCABC be an isosceles acute triangle with \ell is the bisector of angle AA. A circle with center OO passes through B,CB, C and intersects the sides AB,ACAB, AC at D,ED, E respectively. Construct a parallelogram DTEKDTEK. Take X,YX, Y on AB,ACAB, AC respectively such that AXKYAXKY is also a parallelogram. Construct P,QP, Q on XYXY such that TPACTP \parallel AC and TQABTQ \parallel AB. Prove that TOTO passes through the center of the circumcircle of triangle TPQTPQ.

Solution

Since BCEDBCED is cyclic, we have two similar triangles ABCABC and AEDAED. On the other hand
TBC=TDE=KED and TCB=TED=KDE. \angle TBC = \angle TDE = \angle KED \text{ and } \angle TCB = \angle TED = \angle KDE.
Thus two points T,KT, K are corresponding in the above pair of similar triangles, it can be deduced that
TAB=KAE and TAC=KAB \angle TAB = \angle KAE \text{ and } \angle TAC = \angle KAB
implies that AT,AKAT, AK are symmetric through \ell.

Lemma: if two rays Ox,OyOx', Oy' are isogonal in angle xOyxOy then every pair of isogonal lines Oa,ObOa, Ob in angle xOyxOy are also isogonal in angle xOyx'Oy'. We will use this idea to solve the problem. Let JJ be the center of (TPQ)(TPQ) and HH be the projection of TT onto PQPQ. Then, according to the symmetry of the altitude and the line joining the center, we immediately have TJ,THTJ, TH isogonal in PTQ\angle PTQ. On the other hand,
PTD=ACT=ABT=QTE \angle PTD = \angle ACT = \angle ABT = \angle QTE
so lines TP,TQTP, TQ are isogonal in angle DTE\angle DTE and then TJ,THTJ, TH are also isogonal in DTE\angle DTE. To prove three points J,T,OJ, T, O are collinear, we will show that lines TO,THTO, TH are isogonal in DTE\angle DTE. ()(*)

Denote SS as the intersection of DE,BCDE, BC, then by applying Brocard's theorem to the completed quadrilateral BCED,ASBCED, AS we have TOASTO \perp AS. Draw AxTHAx \perp TH then AxXYAx \parallel XY. Notice that AXKYAXKY is a parallelogram, so AKAK passes through the midpoint of XYXY, leads to
(Ax,AK,AB,AC)=1. (Ax, AK, AB, AC) = -1.
Furthermore, A(ST,BC)=1A(ST, BC) = -1 so consider the symmetry over the line \ell, we have ABACAB \leftrightarrow AC, ATAKAT \leftrightarrow AK and take ASAxAS \leftrightarrow Ax'. Then
(Ax,AK,AB,AC)=1, (Ax', AK, AB, AC) = -1,
so AxAxAx \equiv Ax' or AS,AxAS, Ax is symmetric about \ell. Through TT, draw lines Tb,TcTb, Tc perpendicular to AB,ACAB, AC, then two sets of four lines
(AS,Ax,AB,AC) and (TO,TH,Tb,TC) (AS, Ax, AB, AC) \text{ and } (TO, TH, Tb, TC)
are perpendicular respectively. This implies that TO,THTO, TH are isogonal in bTC\angle bTC. Finally, since ADT=AET\angle ADT = \angle AET, we have Tb,TcTb, Tc are also isogonal in DTE\angle DTE and deduce to ()(*) is true. \Box

Figure 1

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.