Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 8.7 Shortlist Prove it Taiwan

Let OO be the center of the equilateral triangle ABCABC. Pick two points P1P_1 and P2P_2 other than B,O,CB, O, C on the circle (BOC)\odot(BOC) so that on this circle B,P1,P2,O,CB, P_1, P_2, O, C are placed in this order. Extensions of BP1BP_1 and CP1CP_1 intersect respectively with side CACA and ABAB at points RR and SS. Line AP1AP_1 and RSRS meets at point Q1Q_1. Analogously point Q2Q_2 is defined. Let (OP1Q1)\odot(OP_1Q_1) and (OP2Q2)\odot(OP_2Q_2) meet again at point UU other than OO.
Prove that 2Q2UQ1+Q2OQ1=3602\angle Q_2UQ_1 + \angle Q_2OQ_1 = 360^\circ.

Solution

From RP1S=120=180SAR\angle RP_1S = 120^\circ = 180^\circ - \angle SAR we know A,S,P1,RA, S, P_1, R lie on a common circle Γ1\Gamma_1. From RBA=SCA\angle RBA = \angle SCA we know AR=SB\overline{AR} = \overline{SB}, and similarly RC=AS\overline{RC} = \overline{AS}, so it is easy to see that OR=OS\overline{OR} = \overline{OS}. Therefore, since AOAO is the internal angle bisector of RAS\angle RAS, we obtain OΓ1O \in \Gamma_1.

Let MM be the midpoint of BC\overline{BC}. Clearly,
ABBM=ACCM=AOOM=2, \frac{AB}{BM} = \frac{AC}{CM} = \frac{AO}{OM} = 2,
so (BOC)\odot(BOC) is the A,MA, M-Apollonius circle, hence P1O,P2OP_1O, P_2O bisect AP1M,AP2M\angle AP_1M, \angle AP_2M respectively.

Let V1V_1 be the intersection point of Γ\Gamma and (ABC)\odot(ABC) other than AA. Notice that
RV1V1S=CRSB=ASRA, \frac{RV_1}{V_1S} = \frac{CR}{SB} = \frac{AS}{RA},
it is easy to obtain that ARSV1ARSV_1 is an isosceles trapezoid with AV1RSAV_1 \parallel RS.

Since OAV1\triangle OAV_1 is an isosceles triangle, we know
MP1O=OP1A=OV1A=V1AO=180V1PO, \angle MP_1O = \angle OP_1A = \angle OV_1A = \angle V_1AO = 180^\circ - \angle V_1PO,
therefore M,P1,V1M, P_1, V_1 are collinear.

By Menelaus' theorem,
RQ1Q1S=RP1P1BBAAS=RP1P1BCBCR=sinACSsinSCB=ASSB=RV1V1S, \frac{RQ_1}{Q_1S} = \frac{RP_1}{P_1B} \cdot \frac{BA}{AS} = \frac{RP_1}{P_1B} \cdot \frac{CB}{CR} = \frac{\sin \angle ACS}{\sin \angle SCB} = \frac{AS}{SB} = \frac{RV_1}{V_1S},
so V1Q1V_1Q_1 is the internal angle bisector of RV1S\angle RV_1S, or V1,Q1,OV_1, Q_1, O are collinear.

Defining V2V_2 analogously, we likewise have M,P2,V2M, P_2, V_2 and V2,Q2,OV_2, Q_2, O collinear respectively.

Finally, combining the above results,
2Q2UQ1+Q2OQ1=2(360Q1UOOUQ2)+(AOV1AOV2)=7202(180OP1A)2OP2A+AP1V1AP2V2=360+(MP1A+AP1V1)(MP2A+AP2V2)=360+180180=360. \begin{align*} 2 \angle Q_2UQ_1 + \angle Q_2OQ_1 &= 2 (360^\circ - \angle Q_1UO - \angle OUQ_2) + (\angle AOV_1 - \angle AOV_2) \\ &= 720^\circ - 2 (180^\circ - \angle OP_1A) - 2 \angle OP_2A + \angle AP_1V_1 - \angle AP_2V_2 \\ &= 360^\circ + (\angle MP_1A + \angle AP_1V_1) - (\angle MP_2A + \angle AP_2V_2) \\ &= 360^\circ + 180^\circ - 180^\circ = 360^\circ. \end{align*}

Figure 1

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from en; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.