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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National Olympiad Prove it Hong Kong

Let ABCABC be a triangle. Let DD and EE be respectively points on the segments ABAB and ACAC, and such that DEBCDE \parallel BC. Let MM be the midpoint of BCBC. Let PP be a point such that DB=DPDB = DP, EC=EPEC = EP and such that the open segments (segments excluding the endpoints) APAP and BCBC intersect. Suppose BPD=CME\angle BPD = \angle CME. Show that CPE=BMD\angle CPE = \angle BMD.

Solution

Note that BPD=CME=DEM\angle BPD = \angle CME = \angle DEM. So we can find a point FF on the extension of EMEM such that DPBDEF\triangle DPB \sim \triangle DEF. By spiral similarity and since

DB=DPDB = DP, we have DFBDEP\triangle DFB \cong \triangle DEP. As EC=EP=FBEC = EP = FB and CM=BMCM = BM, by the sine law, either FEC=EFB\angle FEC = \angle EFB or FEC+EFB=180\angle FEC + \angle EFB = 180^\circ.
If FEC+EFB=180\angle FEC + \angle EFB = 180^\circ, then
AED=180FECDEM=EFBDEM=DFB+EFDDEM=DEP. \begin{align*} \angle AED &= 180^\circ - \angle FEC - \angle DEM \\ &= \angle EFB - \angle DEM \\ &= \angle DFB + \angle EFD - \angle DEM \\ &= \angle DEP. \end{align*}
Together with AEP=2ECP\angle AEP = 2\angle ECP, we easily find that DEPCDE \parallel PC, contradicting the fact that PP does not lie on BCBC.

Figure 1

Hence, we must have FEC=EFB\angle FEC = \angle EFB. This yields ECBFEC \parallel BF. Therefore, we find that EM=FMEM = FM. Since DE=DFDE = DF, we have DMEFDM \perp EF. Now, by swapping the roles of (B,D)(B, D) and (C,E)(C, E), and reversing the above arguments, we see that CPE=BMD\angle CPE = \angle BMD as desired.

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