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Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad

Combinatorics Difficulty 4.4 AIME Prove it Brazil

Show that there is a number of the form 199…91199\dots 91 (with nn 9s) with n>2n > 2 which is divisible by 19911991.

Solution

There are many ways to solve the problem, using, for instance, Euler-Fermat theorem. But one student, André Reys Leal, obtained a clever, simple solution: consider all numbers of the form 1999…911999\dots 91 with more than two nines. If one of them is multiple of 19911991 we are done. If not, since there are infinite of them there are two that are the same modulo 19911991. By subtracting them, we obtain 1999…98000…01999\dots 98000\dots 0, which is a multiple of 19911991. We may ignore all rightmost zeros, but we do keep three of them, obtaining 1999…980001999\dots 98000, which is still a multiple of 19911991. Sum 19911991 to it and we are done.

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