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Algebra Difficulty 7.8 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Turkey

Let aa, bb, cc be nonnegative real numbers satisfying a2+b2+c2=1a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 1. Prove that
a+b+b+c+c+a5abc+2 \sqrt{a+b} + \sqrt{b+c} + \sqrt{c+a} \ge 5abc + 2

Solution

First of all let us show that a+b+b+c+c+a7(a+b+c)3\sqrt{a+b} + \sqrt{b+c} + \sqrt{c+a} \ge \sqrt{7(a+b+c)-3} (1). Let a+b+c=xa+b+c = x, then ab+bc+ca=x212ab+bc+ca = \frac{x^2-1}{2} and since by Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 1=a2+b2+c2(a+b+c)23(a2+b2+c2)=31 = a^2+b^2+c^2 \le (a+b+c)^2 \le 3(a^2+b^2+c^2) = 3 we get that 1x31 \le x \le \sqrt{3}. It can be readily shown that

(a+b+b+c+c+a)2=2x+2(a2+x212+b2+x212+c2+x212).(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a})^2 = 2x+2\left(\sqrt{a^2+\frac{x^2-1}{2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{x^2-1}{2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{x^2-1}{2}}\right).

Note that for 0a10 \le a \le 1 and x1x \ge 1 a2+x212a+x12\sqrt{a^2 + \frac{x^2-1}{2}} \ge a + \frac{x-1}{2} (2). Indeed, by taking square of both sides we get a2+x212a2+a(x1)+x214a^2 + \frac{x^2-1}{2} \ge a^2 + a(x-1) + \frac{x^2-1}{4} which is equivalent to (x1)(x+34a)0(x-1)(x+3-4a) \ge 0. Since x1ax \ge 1 \ge a (2) is proved. Now (2) implies (1).

In order to complete solution let us show that 7(a+b+c)3(2+5abc)27(a+b+c) - 3 \ge (2+5abc)^2. By AM-GM inequality ab+bc+ca3a2b2c23ab + bc + ca \ge 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2} and therefore (2+5abc)2(2+5(x216)3/2)2(2+5abc)^2 \le (2+5(\frac{x^2-1}{6})^{3/2})^2. Thus, it is sufficient to show that (2+5(x216)3/2)27x3(2+5(\frac{x^2-1}{6})^{3/2})^2 \le 7x-3. Now

(2+5(x216)3/2)27x3    7(x1)25(x216)3+20(x216)3/2    (25(x21)2(x+1)216+56(x21)1/2(x+1)97)(x1)0 \begin{align*} \left(2 + 5\left(\frac{x^2-1}{6}\right)^{3/2}\right)^2 &\le 7x-3 \\ \iff 7(x-1) \ge 25\left(\frac{x^2-1}{6}\right)^3 + 20\left(\frac{x^2-1}{6}\right)^{3/2} \\ &\iff \left(\frac{25(x^2-1)^2(x+1)}{216} + \frac{5\sqrt{6}(x^2-1)^{1/2}(x+1)}{9} - 7\right)(x-1) \le 0 \end{align*}

Let us show that if 1x31 \le x \le \sqrt{3} then 25(x21)2(x+1)216+56(x21)1/2(x+1)97\frac{25(x^2-1)^2(x+1)}{216} + \frac{5\sqrt{6}(x^2-1)^{1/2}(x+1)}{9} \le 7. Since the last expression is an increasing function of xx for x1x \ge 1 we will check it only for x=3x = \sqrt{3} : 205+853546.52<7\frac{205+85\sqrt{3}}{54} \approx 6.52 < 7. Done.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.