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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Algebra Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

Let xx, yy, z>0z > 0 be real numbers such that x+y+z=1399x + y + z = 1399. Determine the maximum value of
y⌊x⌋+z⌊y⌋+x⌊z⌋, y\lfloor x \rfloor + z\lfloor y \rfloor + x\lfloor z \rfloor,
where ⌊x⌋\lfloor x \rfloor is the largest integer less than or equal to xx.

Solution

The answer is 652400652400. Notice that y⌊x⌋+z⌊y⌋+x⌊z⌋≤xy+yz+zxy\lfloor x \rfloor + z\lfloor y \rfloor + x\lfloor z \rfloor \leq xy + yz + zx. On the other hand, xy+yz+zx≤13(x+y+z)2xy + yz + zx \leq \frac{1}{3}(x + y + z)^2. It follows that
y⌊x⌋+z⌊y⌋+x⌊z⌋≤13(x+y+z)2=652400+13. y\lfloor x \rfloor + z\lfloor y \rfloor + x\lfloor z \rfloor \leq \frac{1}{3}(x + y + z)^2 = 652400 + \frac{1}{3}.
If xx, yy, zz are integers then y⌊x⌋+z⌊y⌋+x⌊z⌋≤652400y\lfloor x \rfloor + z\lfloor y \rfloor + x\lfloor z \rfloor \leq 652400. If at least one of them is not integer it follows from the fact that {x}+{y}+{z}∈Z\{x\} + \{y\} + \{z\} \in \mathbb{Z} that {x}+{y}+{z}∈{1,2}\{x\} + \{y\} + \{z\} \in \{1, 2\}. Hence, at least one of them has a fractional part that is at least 13\frac{1}{3}. Yielding
y⌊x⌋+z⌊y⌋+x⌊z⌋≤652400+13−13=652400. y\lfloor x \rfloor + z\lfloor y \rfloor + x\lfloor z \rfloor \leq 652400 + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{3} = 652400.
The equality case occurs at (x,y,z)=(466,466,467)(x, y, z) = (466, 466, 467), for example. ■

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