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HMMT November, 2021

Geometry Difficulty 5.0 AIME Find the answer United States

Problem:

OO is the center of square ABCDABCD, and MM and NN are the midpoints of BC‾\overline{BC} and AD‾\overline{AD}, respectively. Points A′A', B′B', C′C', D′D' are chosen on AO‾\overline{AO}, BO‾\overline{BO}, CO‾\overline{CO}, DO‾\overline{DO}, respectively, so that A′B′MC′D′NA'B'MC'D'N is an equiangular hexagon. The ratio [A′B′MC′D′N][ABCD]\frac{[A'B'MC'D'N]}{[ABCD]} can be written as a+bcd\frac{a+b\sqrt{c}}{d}, where a,b,c,da, b, c, d are integers, dd is positive, cc is square-free, and gcd⁡(a,b,d)=1\operatorname{gcd}(a, b, d)=1. Find 1000a+100b+10c+d1000a+100b+10c+d.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Solution:

Assume without loss of generality that the side length of ABCDABCD is 11 so that the area of the square is also 11. This also means that OM=ON=12OM=ON=\frac{1}{2}. As A′B′MC′D′NA'B'MC'D'N is equiangular, it can be seen that ∠A′NO=60∘\angle A'NO=60^{\circ}, and also by symmetry, that A′B′∥ABA'B' \parallel AB, so ∠OA′B′=45∘\angle OA'B'=45^{\circ} and ∠OA′N=75∘\angle OA'N=75^{\circ}. Therefore, A′NOA'NO is a 4545-6060-7575 triangle, which has sides in ratio 2:1+3:62:1+\sqrt{3}:\sqrt{6}, so we may compute that A′O=61+3⋅12=32−64A'O=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{1+\sqrt{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}}{4}.

Further, the area of A′NOA'NO can be found by taking the altitude to NONO, which has length 12⋅31+3=3−34\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{4}, so the area is 12⋅12⋅3−34=3−316\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{4}=\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{16}.

The area of OA′B′OA'B' is 12(32−64)2=6−338\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{3\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}}{4}\right)^2=\frac{6-3\sqrt{3}}{8}.

Combining everything together, we can find that [A′B′MC′D′N]=4[A′NO]+2[OA′B′]=3−34+6−334=9−434[A'B'MC'D'N]=4[A'NO]+2[OA'B']=\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{4}+\frac{6-3\sqrt{3}}{4}=\frac{9-4\sqrt{3}}{4}.

Therefore, our answer is 9000−400+30+4=86349000-400+30+4=8634.

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