Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2024

Algebra Difficulty 4.3 AIME Find the answer United States

What value of xx satisfies
log2xlog3xlog2x+log3x=2? \frac{\log_2 x \cdot \log_3 x}{\log_2 x + \log_3 x} = 2?

Pick one

Solution

Answer (C): Observe that
2=log2xlog3xlog2x+log3x=11log3x+1log2x=1log43+log42=1log46=log6x. \begin{aligned} 2 &= \frac{\log_2 x \cdot \log_3 x}{\log_2 x + \log_3 x} \\ &= \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\log_3 x} + \frac{1}{\log_2 x}} \\ &= \frac{1}{\log_4 3 + \log_4 2} \\ &= \frac{1}{\log_4 6} = \log_6 x. \end{aligned}
It follows that x=62=36x = 6^2 = 36.

The given equation is equivalent to
log2xlog3x=2log2x+2log3x. \log_2 x \cdot \log_3 x = 2 \log_2 x + 2 \log_3 x.
Note that log3x=log2xlog23\log_3 x = \frac{\log_2 x}{\log_2 3}, so
log2xlog2xlog23=2log2x+2log2xlog23. \log_2 x \cdot \frac{\log_2 x}{\log_2 3} = 2 \log_2 x + 2 \frac{\log_2 x}{\log_2 3}.
Multiplying both sides by log23log2x\frac{\log_2 3}{\log_2 x} gives
log2x=2log23+2=log29+2. \log_2 x = 2 \log_2 3 + 2 = \log_2 9 + 2.
Then
x=2log29+2=2log2922=94=36. x = 2^{\log_2 9+2} = 2^{\log_2 9} \cdot 2^2 = 9 \cdot 4 = 36.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.