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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National olympiad Prove it North Macedonia

A segment ABAB and its midpoint KK are given. An arbitrary point CC, different from KK, is chosen on the perpendicular to ABAB through KK. Let NN be the intersection of ACAC and the line passing through BB and the midpoint of the segment CKCK. Let UU be the intersection of ABAB with the line that passes through CC and the midpoint LL of the segment BNBN. Prove that the ratio of the areas of the triangles CNLCNL and BULBUL doesn't depend on the choice of point CC.

A segment AB and its midpoint K are given. An arbitrary point C, different from K, is chosen on the perpendicular to AB through K. Let N be the intersection of AC and the line passing through B and the midpoint of the segment CK. Let U be the intersection of AB with the line that passes through C and the midpoint L of the segment BN. Prove that the ratio of the areas of the triangles CNL and BUL doesn't depend on the choice of point C.

Solution

Let MM be the midpoint of the segment CKCK. From Menelaus' theorem for the triangle AKCAKC and the line BNBN we have
CNNAABBKKMMC=1. \frac{\overline{CN}}{\overline{NA}} \cdot \frac{\overline{AB}}{\overline{BK}} \cdot \frac{\overline{KM}}{\overline{MC}} = 1.
From this we get NA=2NC\overline{NA} = 2\overline{NC}, from which it follows that AC=3NC\overline{AC} = 3\overline{NC}. Hence PBNC=13PABCP_{BNC} = \frac{1}{3}P_{ABC}. From Menelaus' theorem for the triangle ABNABN and the line CUCU we have
AUUBBLLNNCCA=1. \frac{\overline{AU}}{\overline{UB}} \cdot \frac{\overline{BL}}{\overline{LN}} \cdot \frac{\overline{NC}}{\overline{CA}} = 1.
Figure 1
Therefore we get AU=3UB\overline{AU} = 3\overline{UB}. Therefore UU is the midpoint of the segment BKBK. It follows that PBUC=14PABCP_{BUC} = \frac{1}{4}P_{ABC}. Let x=PCNLx = P_{CNL} and y=PBLUy = P_{BLU}. Since LL is the midpoint of BNBN, we have PBLC=xP_{BLC} = x. Now
x+y=PBLC+PBLU=PBUC=14PABC, x + y = P_{BLC} + P_{BLU} = P_{BUC} = \frac{1}{4}P_{ABC},
on the other hand we have
2x=PCNL+PBLC=PBNC=13PABC. 2x = P_{CNL} + P_{BLC} = P_{BNC} = \frac{1}{3}P_{ABC}.
If we divide these two equalities we get
12+y2x=34, hence yx=12, \frac{1}{2} + \frac{y}{2x} = \frac{3}{4}, \text{ hence } \frac{y}{x} = \frac{1}{2},
from where we get the required statement.

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