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Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Prove it Brazil

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle and FF its Fermat point, that is, the interior point of ABCABC such that AFB=BFC=CFA=120\angle AFB = \angle BFC = \angle CFA = 120^\circ. For each one of triangles ABFABF, BCFBCF and CAFCAF, draw its Euler line, that is, the line connecting its circumcenter and its centroid.
Prove that these three lines pass through one common point.

Solution

First we'll prove the following well-known
Lemma. Let ABPABP, BCMBCM and CANCAN be the equilateral triangles constructed externally to triangle ABCABC. The lines AMAM, BNBN and CPCP concur on the Fermat point of ABCABC.
Proof. Let FF be the intersection point of BNBN and CPCP. Since triangles BANBAN and PACPAC are congruent, APE=ABF\angle APE = \angle ABF. So the quadrilateral APBFAPBF is cyclic, and thus AEP=ABP=60\angle AEP = \angle ABP = 60^\circ and BFP=BAP=60\angle BFP = \angle BAP = 60^\circ. Hence AFB=BFC=120\angle AFB = \angle BFC = 120^\circ, which proves that FF is the Fermat point of triangle ABCABC. Analogously, AMAM and BNBN pass through the same point FF, and the lemma is proved.

Now, let OAO_A, OBO_B and OCO_C be the centers of these equilateral triangles (and also the circumcenters of triangles BCFBCF, ACFACF and ABFABF, respectively); GAG_A, GBG_B and GCG_C are the centroids of BCFBCF, ACFACF and ABFABF, respectively. It is immediate that the Euler lines OAGAO_A G_A, OBGBO_B G_B, OCGCO_C G_C are parallel to AFAF, BFBF and CFCF, respectively.

Now consider the homothety with center FF and ratio 3/23/2, which transforms GAG_A, GBG_B and GCG_C into the midpoints of BCBC, CACA and ABAB, respectively. This homothety also transforms the Euler lines of BCFBCF, ACFACF and ABFABF into the lines lAl_A, lBl_B and lCl_C, parallel to AFAF, BFBF and CFCF and passing through the midpoints of BCBC, CACA and ABAB, respectively. Hence these Euler lines are concurrent iff lAl_A, lBl_B and lCl_C are.

Finally, consider the homothety with center GG (centroid of ABCABC) and ratio 2-2. The midpoints of BCBC, CACA and ABAB are transformed into the vertices AA, BB and CC, respectively, so lAl_A, lBl_B and lCl_C are transformed into AFAF, BFBF and CFCF, respectively. Since the latter are concurrent at FF, it follows that lAl_A, lBl_B and lCl_C are too, and we are done.

Figure 1

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