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Saudi Arabian IMO Booklet

Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it Saudi Arabia

Point MM on side ABAB of quadrilateral ABCDABCD is such that quadrilaterals AMCDAMCD and BMDCBMDC are circumscribed around circles centered at O1O_1 and O2O_2 respectively. Line O1O2O_1O_2 cuts an isosceles triangle with vertex MM from angle CMDCMD. Prove that ABCDABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Solution

If AB∥CDAB \parallel CD then the incircles of AMCDAMCD and BMDCBMDC have equal radii; now the problem conditions imply that the whole picture is symmetric about the perpendicular from MM to O1O2O_1O_2, and hence ABCDABCD is an isosceles trapezoid (or a rectangle). The conclusion in this case is true.

Figure 1

Now suppose that the lines ABAB and CDCD meet at a point KK; we may assume that AA lies between KK and BB. The points O1O_1 and O2O_2 lie on the bisector of the angle BKCBKC. By the problem condition, this angle bisector forms equal angles with the lines CMCM and DMDM; this yields ∠DMK=∠KCM\angle DMK = \angle KCM. Since O1O_1 and O2O_2 are the incenter of KMCKMC and an excenter of KDMKDM, respectively, we have
∠DO2K=12∠DMK=12∠KCM=∠DCO1, \angle DO_2K = \frac{1}{2}\angle DMK = \frac{1}{2}\angle KCM = \angle DCO_1,
so the quadrilateral CDO1O2CDO_1O_2 is cyclic. Next, the same points are an excenter of AKDAKD and the incenter of KBCKBC, respectively, so
∠KAD=2∠KO1D=2∠DCO2=∠KCB; \angle KAD = 2\angle KO_1D = 2\angle DCO_2 = \angle KCB;
this implies the desired cyclicity of the quadrilateral ABCDABCD. □\square

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