A trapezoid ABCD (AB∥CD, AB>CD) is circumscribed. The incircle of the triangle ABC touches the lines AB and AC at the points M and N, respectively. Prove that the incenter of the trapezoid ABCD lies on the line MN.
Solution
Version 1. Let I be the incenter of triangle ABC and R be the common point of the lines BI and MN. Since m(ANM)=90∘−21m(MAN)andm(BIC)=90∘+21m(MAN) the quadrilateral IRNC is cyclic. \qquad (1) It follows that m(BRC)=90∘ and therefore m(BCR)=90∘−m(CBR)=90∘−(180∘−m(BCD))=21m(BCD) (2)
Version 2. If R is the incenter of the trapezoid ABCD, then B, I and R are collinear, \qquad (1') and m(BRC)=90∘ \qquad (2') The quadrilateral IRNC is cyclic. \qquad (3') Then m(MNC)=90∘+21⋅m(BAC) \qquad (4') and m(RNC)=m(BIC)=90∘+21⋅m(BAC), \qquad (5')
Version 3. If R is the incenter of the trapezoid ABCD, let M′∈(AB) and N′∈(AC) be the unique points, such that R∈M′N′ and (AM′)≡(AN′). (1'') Let S be the intersection point of CR and AB. Then CR=RS. (2'') Consider K∈AC such that SK∥M′N′. Then N′ is the midpoint of (CK). (3'') We deduce AN′=2AK+KC=2AS+AC=2AB−BS+AC=2AB+AC−BC=AN.(4′′) We conclude that N=N′, hence M=M′, and R,M,N are collinear. (5'')
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